Figure 3.

Effects of γ-PGA on caspase-1 activity and glutamate on inflammasome activation. (a) Human recombinant caspase-1 (Casp1) activity was measured in the presence of γ-PGA or Z-VAD-FMK (Z-VAD, a pan-caspase inhibitor). (b) LPS-primed BMDMs were treated with ATP, NG, flagellin or dsDNA in the presence of the indicated l-glutamic acid dosages. IL-1β secretion was measured by immunoblotting. All immunoblot data shown are representative of at least two independent experiments. BMDMs, bone marrow-derived macrophages; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; IL, interleukin; γ-PGA, poly-gamma-glutamic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NG, nigericin.