Table 3. Multimodal characteristics of atrophic AMD and subtypes of neovascular AMD.
| Imaging modality | Atrophic AMD |
Neovascular AMD |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 NV | BVN+PCV | Type 2 NV | Type 3 NV | ||
| CFP | Area of depigmentation | Blood, exudation, PED | Blood, exudation PED, orange nodule | Blood, exudation, greyish membrane | Pigmentary changes, exudation, blood |
| FAF | Hypo-autofluorescence area Hyperfluorescent border | Variable | Variable | Variable | Not seen |
| FA | Window defect | Stippled hyperfluorescence with late diffuse leakage | Stippled hyperfluorescence with late diffuse leakage in the BVN | Early lacy pattern with late leakage | Focal areas of early leakage with right angled vessels |
| ICGA | Hypercyanescence in area of atrophy due to a window defect | Hypercyanescent plaque | Focal areas of hypercyanascence (polyps) with adjacent plaque | Not well defined | Retina choroidal anastomosis |
| OCT | Loss of the hyperreflective RPE band and outer retinal layers | Multi-layered PED Subretinal fluid and subretinal hyperreflective material | Focal elevated peaked PED (polyp) -associated serous PED or shallow irregular PED (BVN) Subretinal fluid | SHRM Subretinal fluid | Linear hyperreflective structure in the outer retina Intra-retinal fluid |
| Cross-sectional OCTA | High flow signal in the choroid beneath the area of RPE atrophy | Intrinsic flow signal within the PED | Focal areas of flow within the PED with high flow signal within BVN | Intrinsic flow seen within SHRM | Intrinsic linear flow within the hyperreflective structure |
| En face OCTA | Unmasking artefact with the atrophic area showing an increased flow signal | A tangle of vessels | Variable flow within polyps BVN seen as a tangle of vessels | A tangle of vessels | High flow tuft |
Abbreviations: AMD, age-related macula degeneration; BVN, branching vascular network; CFP, colour fundus photo; FAF, fundus autofluorescence; FA, fluorescein angiography; ICGA, indocyanine green angiography; NV, neovascularisation; OCT, optical coherence tomography; OCTA, optical coherence tomography tomography; PED, pigment epithelial detachment; SHRM, subretinal hyper-reflective material.