Table 1.
HCP and patient characteristics
| USA | France | Germany | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCP characteristics | N = 175 | N = 105 | N = 106 | N = 386 |
| HCP specialties, n (%) | ||||
| Primary care physician | 115 (66) | – | 75 (71) | 190 (49) |
| Endocrinologist/diabetologist | – | 75 (71) | 31 (29) | 106 (27) |
| Nurse practitioner | 30 (17) | – | – | 30 (8) |
| Nurse/certified diabetes educator | – | 30 (29) | – | 30 (8) |
| Certified diabetes educator | 30 (17) | – | – | 30 (8) |
| Primary practice setting, n (%) | ||||
| Office‐based practice setting | 87 (50) | – | – | – |
| Private group practice | 66 (38) | – | – | – |
| Private solo practice | 21 (12) | – | – | – |
| Other | 1 (1) | – | – | – |
| Percentage of time spent in hospital setting, mean (SD) | – | 67 (37) | 30 (43) | – |
| Patient characteristics | N = 152 | N = 76 | N = 90 | N = 318 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current BI user, n (%)a | 106 (70)b | 66 (87)b | 71 (79) | 243 (76) |
| Self‐titrating, n (%)c | 43 (41) | 30 (45) | 22 (31) | 95 (39) |
| HCP‐managed titration, n (%)c | 63 (59) | 36 (55) | 49 (69) | 148 (61) |
| Patient has reached pre‐breakfast SMPG target, n (%)c | 74 (70) | 43 (65) | 42 (59) | 159 (65) |
| Patient has reached HbA1c target, n (%)c | 47 (44) | 36 (55) | 42 (59) | 125 (51) |
| Discontinued BI user, n (%) | 46 (30)b | 10 (13)b | 19 (21) | 75 (24) |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 55.3 (14.2) | 46.4 (13.9) | 53.1 (13.2) | 52.5 (14.2) |
| Male, n (%) | 102 (67) | 40 (53)d | 67 (74)d | 209 (66) |
| Employment status, n (%) | ||||
| Employed | 76 (50) | 54 (71) | 54 (60) | 184 (58) |
| Retired | 59 (39) | 15 (20) | 30 (33) | 104 (33) |
| Homemaker | 11 (7) | 4 (5) | 4 (4) | 19 (6) |
| Unemployed | 6 (4) | 3 (4) | 2 (2) | 11 (3) |
| Highest level of education completed, n (%) | ||||
| High school or less | 7 (5) | 12 (16) | 18 (20) | 37 (12) |
| Graduated from high school or equivalent | 23 (15) | 21 (28) | 38 (42) | 82 (26) |
| College or associate degree | 64 (42) | 22 (29) | 13 (14) | 99 (31) |
| University degree | 34 (22) | 18 (24) | 5 (6) | 57 (18) |
| Postgraduate degree | 24 (16) | 3 (4) | 16 (18) | 43 (14) |
| Duration of T2DM, years, mean (SD) | 11.4 (10.4)e | 7.0 (6.2) | 8.4 (5.8)e | 9.5 (8.6) |
| Current diabetes medications, n (%) | ||||
| Biguanides | 60 (39) | 11 (14) | 9 (10) | 80 (25) |
| Sulfonylureas | 11 (7) | 9 (12) | 1 (1) | 21 (7) |
| Thiazolidinediones | 6 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 8 (3) |
| DPPIV inhibitors | 23 (15) | 4 (5) | 6 (7) | 33 (10) |
| GLP‐1 receptor agonists | 13 (9) | 7 (9) | 3 (3) | 23 (7) |
| BI | 106 (70) | 60 (79) | 67 (74) | 233 (73) |
| Rapid‐acting insulin | 9 (6) | 5 (7) | 12 (13) | 26 (8) |
| Regular human insulin | 12 (8) | 0 (0) | 8 (9) | 20 (6) |
| NPH insulin | 0 (0) | 7 (9) | 4 (4) | 11 (3) |
| Premix insulin | 22 (14) | 9 (12) | 4 (4) | 35 (11) |
Abbreviations: BI, basal insulin; DPPIV, dipeptidyl peptidase IV; GLP‐1, glucagon‐like peptide 1; HCP, healthcare professional; NPH, neutral protamine Hagedorn; SD, standard deviation; T2DM, type 2 diabetes.
a
BI user includes both BI analogs and NPH insulin.
b
France vs USA, P ≤ .01.
c
Percentage expressed as percent of current BI users.
d
France vs Germany, P ≤ .01.
e
USA vs Germany, P < .05.