Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Intervention (n = 52) | Control (n = 49) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 36.6 ± 5.0 | 36.9 ± 4.9 |
| Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | 24.4 ± 4.3 | 24.9 ± 4.2 |
| Smoking | 9 (17.3%) | 11 (22.9%) |
| Use of anticoagulants | 0 | 1 (2.1%) |
| Use of tranexamic acid | 0 | 1 (2.0%) |
| Parity | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) |
| Number of caesarean sections | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) |
| Time since last caesarean section (months) | 55.5 (27.8–80.3) | 39 (23–80) |
| History of uterine surgery | ||
| Curettage | 2 (3.8%) | 1 (2.0%) |
| Transcervical resection polyp | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (2.0%) |
| Transcervical resection fibroid | 0 | 0 |
| Fibroid enucleation | 1 (1.9%) | 0 |
| Wish to conceive | 18 (35.3%) | 12 (25%) |
| Fertility treatment after last caesarean section | 5 (9.6%) | 3 (6.3%) |
| Hormonal contraception | ||
| Oral contraception | 14 (26.9%) | 7 (14.3%) |
| Levonorgestrel intrauterine device | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (2.0%) |
| Nuvaring | 1 (1.9%) | 0 |
| Bleeding/micturition characteristics | ||
| Duration of bleeding complaints (months) | 36.5 (16–60) | 35 (14–56) |
| Total days of spottinga | 8 (5–12) | 8 (6–14) |
| Spotting end of menstruation | 4 (2–8) | 6 (3–11) |
| Intermenstrual spotting | 3 (0–5) | 2 (0–5) |
| Discomfort from spotting (0–10) | 7.8 (5.8–8.4) | 8.0 (6.6–9.0) |
| Dysmenorrhea (0–10) | 5.4 (0–7) | 7.0 (0–8.2) |
| Daily pain during micturition | 4 (7.7%) | 6 (12.2%) |
| Ultrasound findings | ||
| Residual myometrium (mm) | 4.0 (3.4–6.0) | 4.5 (3.6–6.6) |
| Depth niche (mm) | 6.0 (4.0–8.1) | 6.0 (4.2–7.4) |
| Intrauterine fluid | 11/51 (21.6%) | 4/45 (8.9%) |
| Quality of life and sexual function | ||
| SF‐36 physical component summary score | 53.9 (47.7–57.8) | 50.4 (39.7–56.9) |
| SF‐36 mental component summary score | 51.7 (43.7–55.6) | 49.4 (36.0–53.7) |
| EuroQol total score | 0.84 (0.78–1.0) | 0.83 (0.69–0.85) |
| FSFI total score | 18.3 (15.3–21.5) | 15.6 (13.4–20.5) |
Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation, as n (valid percentage), or as median (interquartile range, IQR).
No baseline characteristics differed statistically between the two groups.
a
Total days of spotting = the sum of the number of days spotting at the end of the menstruation and the number of days of intermenstrual spotting (postmenstrual spotting).