Table 2.

Summary of the Most Important Effects Shown in Quantitative Bone Marrow MRI Studies for Differentiating Benign Versus Malignant Fractures

Effect	Study	Subjects	MRI/MRS technique
Fat fraction
Fat fraction ↓ in malignant compared to benign lesions	Yoo et al, 2016	120 patients	PDFF with water–fat imaging (3T)
Diffusion
ADC ↓ in malignant compared to benign lesions	Yeung et al, 2004	46 patients	Single‐shot DW TSE (1.5T)
ADC ↓ in malignant compared to benign lesions	Dietrich et al, 2015	Meta‐analysis	Meta‐analysis of 16 previous studies (1.5T–3T)
Perfusion
Peak enhancement ↑ in malignant compared to benign fractures	Tokuda et al, 2005	34 patients	DCE‐MRI (1.5T)
Extracellular volume ↓ in malignant compared to benign fractures	Geith et al, 2013	44 patients	DCE‐MRI (1.5T)