Table 1.

E-triggers and their definitions

E-Triggers Piloted in PCplanner Mobile App
E-Triggers: Mechanical Ventilation or Shock: 48 Hours Plus One of These:	Data Sources Defining E-Triggers
Dementia (49–52):	E-triggers were built from Meaningful Use Common Data Set standards (53):
Alzheimer’s
Multi-infarct
Other dementia etiology
Declining health status (54–57):
≥2 hospital admissions in 3 months or	Vital signs
>1 ICU admission in 3 mo
Poor functional status (49, 51):	Demographics
Admit from SNF or LTAC…or…
≥3 ADL limitations at admission	Diagnoses (via real-time ICD-10–linked physician billing)
Severe acute illness (58):
Cardiac arrest...or...
Multisystem organ failure (≥3 of: lung, kidney, blood, brain, cardiac, liver) that has worsened over 48 h	Procedures (via SNOMED CT; ICD-10 crosswalks)
Severe acute stroke: acute intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, or traumatic brain injury	Laboratory values (via LOINC)
	Medications (via RxNorm NLM standards)

Definition of abbreviations: ADL = activities of daily living; ICU = intensive care unit; ICD-10 = International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision; LOINC = Logical Observation Identifiers Names & Codes; LTAC = long-term acute care facility; NLM = National Library of Medicine; PCplanner = Palliative Care Planner; SNF = skilled nursing facility; SNOMED CT = SNOMED Clinical Terms.