Table 3. Head movement: Summary statistics of angular velocities (in DEG/s).
Pitch, yaw, and roll velocity of each trial video sequence were summarized by their respective mean value and mean of magnitude. For each dataset (BioVid, UNBC, and BP4D) and statistic (columns) we report mean and standard deviation, M (SD), of pain and control trials as well as the p-value of the respective analysis of variance (rows). Significant differences are highlighted in bold.
| Pitch velocity: mean of … | Yaw velocity: mean of … | Roll velocity: mean of … | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| value | magnitude | value | magnitude | value | magnitude | |
| BioVid | ||||||
| Pain | 3.2 (0.3) | 37.4 (0.7) | -4.0 (0.5) | 31.3 (0.7) | 0.1 (0.2) | 13.6 (0.3) |
| No pain | -0.5 (0.2) | 25.6 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.3) | 26.1 (0.6) | 0.0 (0.1) | 10.4 (0.3) |
| p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.614 | p < 0.001 | |
| UNBC | ||||||
| Affected limb (pain) | 1.4 (0.8) | 53.7 (2.3) | 0.2 (0.9) | 42.3 (2.0) | 1.7 (0.8) | 26.1 (1.2) |
| Unaffected limb | -1.7 (1.3) | 52.9 (2.4) | -3.2 (2.3) | 57.6 (3.0) | 3.9 (1.3) | 36.6 (2.1) |
| p = 0.034 | p = 0.814 | p = 0.145 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.129 | p < 0.001 | |
| BP4D | ||||||
| T6 (Pain) | 2.1 (0.8) | 47.8 (3.3) | 2.1 (0.8) | 27.1 (1.4) | 0.1 (0.4) | 13.4 (1.2) |
| T1 (Amusement) | 0.9 (0.5) | 59.1 (3.6) | 0.2 (0.2) | 27.2 (1.7) | 0.4 (0.2) | 16.5 (1.4) |
| T2 (Sadness) | 0.0 (0.1) | 25.3 (1.8) | 0.0 (0.0) | 20.5 (0.7) | -0.1 (0.1) | 7.2 (0.3) |
| T3 (Surprise) | 5.9 (1.6) | 54.5 (4.0) | 1.1 (1.0) | 37.0 (3.0) | 0.1 (0.5) | 16.5 (1.1) |
| T4 (Embarrassment) | 1.2 (0.5) | 71.2 (5.0) | -0.3 (0.1) | 40.6 (3.5) | 0.3 (0.2) | 26.8 (2.9) |
| T5 (Fear) | 0.8 (0.3) | 52.0 (3.3) | 0.2 (0.2) | 27.4 (2.3) | -0.1 (0.1) | 13.1 (1.1) |
| T7 (Anger) | 0.2 (0.3) | 49.4 (2.9) | 0.3 (0.2) | 34.2 (2.9) | -0.0 (0.1) | 18.8 (1.8) |
| T8 (Disgust) | 7.1 (1.8) | 62.7 (4.5) | -2.0 (0.8) | 36.8 (4.5) | -0.9 (0.4) | 16.4 (1.6) |
| p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.081 | p < 0.001 | |
Pitch velocity value: positive / negative is lowering / raising head
Yaw velocity value: positive / negative is turning left / right
Roll velocity value: positive / negative is tilting right / left
mean of the velocity value: describes the dominating movement direction
mean of the velocity magnitude: summarizes the movement speed regarding the respective rotation axis independent of direction