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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 14.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Cancer Res. 2015 Feb 7;126:53–135. doi: 10.1016/bs.acr.2014.11.002

Table 2.

Altered terminal O-glycans in cancer

Antigen Tissue Change % Tumor positive % Normal positive Outcome Notes Citation
Colorectal
SLea Colorectal 12/21 (57%) CA19-9, CA52a; RIA Magnani et al. (1982)
SLea Colorectal 40/68 (59%) 0/15 (0%) CA19-9 Atkinson et al. (1982)
SLea Colorectal

  1. Primary: 233/309 (75.4%)

  2. Regional LN: 99/126 (78.5%)

  1. Met to regional LN: Primary-SLea(+)=48/86 (54.7%); Primary-SLea(−)

  2. Recurrence: SLea(+)36/147 (24.5%), SLea(−) 3/76 (3.9%), 5-yr survival: Primary-SLea(−) 93.0%, Primary-SLea(+),(++), (+++)=74.8%, 64.7%, 71.0%

 CA19-9; SLea(+) in primary predict met to regional LN Nakayama, Watanabe, Katsumata, Teramoto, and Kitajima (1995)
SLea Colorectal 110/159 (69.2%) Yes; 5-yr—DFS: +=73%, −=84.7% CA19-9 Nakamori et al. (1997)
Lewis Colorectal

  1. 67 (85.9%)

  2. 53 (68%)

  3. 57 (73.1%)

  4. 51 (65.4%)

  1. 1/42 (2.4%)

  2. 39/42 (92.9%)

  3. 32/42 (76.2%)

  4. 24/42 (57.1%)

  1. SLex

  2. Lea

  3. SLea

  4. Lex

 SLex predictor of nonpolyploid growth type vs. polyploid growth type Nakagoe et al. (2001)
SLex Colorectal 76% (n=17) Weak staining CSLEX1; IHC Fukushima et al. (1984)
SLex Colorectal

  1. 79%

  2. 65%

  1. 0%

  2. 26%

  1. FH6 (Sialyl-dimeric Lex)

  2. !B9

 Itzkowitz et al. (1986)
Sialyl-dimeric Lex Colorectal FH6; increased in met Matsushita et al. (1990)
SLex Colorectal 50/132 (37.9%) Rare in normal or transitional mucosa Yes; 5-yr survival: SLex(+) 58.3%, SLex(−) 93.0% FH6; 6/8 liver mets had greater % cells FH6(+), 20/25 mets to LNs (80%) stronger FH6 staining; SLex correlate with depth of invasion, LN met, LN invasion, tumor stage; SLex(+) greater recurrence and recurrence to distant sights than SLex(−) Nakamori et al. (1993)
SLex Colorectal 58/159 (36.5%) Yes, 5 yr—DFS: SLex(+)=55.6%, SLex(−)=89% FH6 Nakamori et al. (1997)
Lex Colorectal

  1. 82%

  2. 65%

  3. 88%

  1. 74%, 63%

  2. 11%

  3. 5%

  1. Short-chain monofucosylated Lex (SSEA-1, AH8-183)

  2. Long chain Lex (FH1)

  3. Long-chain, polyfucosylated Lex, dimeric Lex (FH4)

 Itzkowitz et al. (1986)
Incompatible BG-A or B Colorectal >50% Yuan et al. (1985)
Deletion of BG structure Colorectal Yuan et al. (1985)
Precursor BG-H accumulation Colorectal 80% (n=25) Yuan et al. (1985)
ABH Colorectal 46/82 (56.1%) expressors Proximal: 18/23 Distal: 57/59 (78.3%) “deleted” (96.6%) “deleted” Yes, 5-yr survival: ABH “expressors” 33.5% “deletors” 75.4%, ABH Nakagoe et al. (2000)
ABH Colorectal

  1. A: 28/78 (35.9%)

  2. B: 6/78 (7.7%)

  3. H: 29/78 (37.2%)

No incompatible expression

  1. A: 1/18 (5.6%) with A/AB

  2. B: 0/23 with B/AB

  3. H: 1/42 (2.4%)

 A expression predictor of nonpolyploid growth vs. polyploid growth- type Nakagoe et al. (2001)
Gastric
SLea Gastric 4/5 CA19-9, CA52a; RIA Magnani et al. (1982)
SLea Gastric 16/18 (89%) 7/19 (37%) CA19-9 Atkinson et al. (1982)
SLex Gastric 94% (n=17) CSLEX1 Fukushima et al. (1984)
Pancreas
SLea Pancreas 4/7 (57%) CA19-9, CA52a; RIA Magnani et al. (1982)
SLea Pancreas 19/22 (86%) 7/10 (70%) CA19-9 Atkinson et al. (1982)
SLex Pancreas 100% (n=3) Weak staining CSLEX1 Fukushima et al. (1984)
Esophagus
SLea Esophagus 0/5 CA19-9, CA52a; RIA Magnani et al. (1982)
SLex Esophagus 50% (n=4) Strong staining CSLEX1 Fukushima et al. (1984)
Liver
SLea Liver 1/11 (9%) 7/11 (64%) CA19-9 Atkinson et al. (1982)
Gall bladder
SLea Gall bladder 2/5 6/11 (54%) CA19-9 Atkinson et al. (1982)
Lung
SLea Lung 28/66 (42%) CA19-9 Atkinson et al. (1982)
SLex Lung 63% (n=16) CSLEX1 Fukushima et al. (1984)
BG-A Lung (NSCLC) Loss 43/71 with A or AB BG retain expression A in tumor; 28/71 (39%) lose expression A in tumor Yes Median survival—lose A: 15 months, retain A in tumor: 71 months; survival of B, O = same as retain A and loss of B or H not change survival Lee et al. (1991)
BG-A Lung Loss 35/62 lose A (56%) No Gwin et al. (1994)
BG-A Lung Loss Yes, of A/AB BG patients, median survival: A loss (n=36) 38 months v. A(+)(n=54) 98 months Graziano, Tatum, Gonchoroff, Newman, and Kohman (1997)
H/Ley/Leb Lung MIA15-5(+)(n=91): 20.9% 5-yr survival v. Ag-(n=58) 58.6% 5-yr survival Yes MIA15-5 Ab; when segregate by blood group A (i.e., A or AB) significant difference in survival but not for B or O Miyake et al. (1992)
Breast
SLea Breast 1/18 (6%) CA19-9 Atkinson et al. (1982)
SLex Breast 25% (n=8) CSLEX1 Fukushima et al. (1984)
Mesothelioma
SLea Mesothelioma 1/12 (8%) CA19-9 Atkinson et al. (1982)
Ovary
SLex Ovary 50% (n=6) CSLEX1 Fukushima et al. (1984)
Kidney
SLex Renal tubules Strong staining CSLEX1 Fukushima et al. (1984)
Various epithelia
Serum Ca19-9 Various (colon, gastric, breast, pancreas) CEA more sensitive, except for pancreas Gupta et al. (1985)
Myeloid
ABH Myeloid Loss

  1. 16/25 (55%) of A, B, AB decreased A or B

  2. 6/28 (21%) of O type lose H

  1. No change (n=127)

  2. No change (n=51)

 Reason for reduced A, B: 8/29 (29%) primary loss of A or B, 5/29 (17%) indirect due to loss of H, 3/29 (10%) loss of A or B and H Bianco, Farmer, Sage, and Dobrovic (2001)

Frequency of positive staining reported as number positive samples out of all samples unless indicated otherwise; % reported in parentheses for n>5; literature search performed for tumor antigen.

BG, blood group; NSCLC, nonsmall-cell lung cancer; LN, lymph node; yr, year; met, metastasis; DFS, disease-free survival; RIA, radioimmunoassay.