Table 2.

Adjusted Odds of In-Hospital Mortality

Variables	Model Including MUA	Model Including ZIP Code-Based Covariates
Patient covariates
Probability of mortality (increasing quartile)	2.76 (2.63-2.89)	2.72 (2.59-2.85)
Black race (Referent = white)	1.13 (1.05-1.22)	1.13 (1.05-1.23)
Age (5-y increase)	1.12 (1.11-1.14)	1.13 (1.11-1.14)
Hospital covariates
Rural location (referent = urban)	0.80 (0.74-0.87)	0.83 (0.76-0.91)
Access-to-care covariates
Residence in MUA	1.12 (1.04-1.20)	N/A
Proportion of population with HS or less education (10% increase)	N/A	1.05 (1.01-1.10)
Median income ($1,000 increase)	N/A	1.00 (1.00 -1.01)
Proportion of the population below the poverty level (10% increase)	N/A	0.99 (0.92-1.07)

Values are OR (95% CI). HS = high school; MUA = medically underserved area; N/A = not applicable.