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Redox regulation of PTP activity by ROS. Intracellular ROS, including H2O2, O2·−, •OH and peroxidized lipids, converts PTP catalytic Cys to sulfenic acid and inactivates the PTPs. The sulfenic acid form could be further irreversibly oxidized to the sulfinic or sulfonic acid forms, or reversibly converted to a cyclic sulfenyl amide or intramolecular disulfide form.
