Table 1.

Modulus Values Determined from Experimental Data Using Three Different Methods

Author	Modulus	Sample	Method	Model
Linear
Atkinson (1977)	3.8 MPa	Human	Uniaxial	Linear
Mandel (1986)	3.0 MPa	Human	Extrusion	Linear
Pini (2002)	3.0–6.0 MPa	Bovine	Uniaxial	Linear
Bilinear
Dorow (2003)	E1 = 0.15 MPa	Porcine	Uniaxial	Bilinear
	E2 = 5.24 MPa
Continuous Nonlinear
Natali (2004)	Constitutive equation	Human	Load-displacement	Mooney-Rivlin
Qian (2009)	Constitutive equation	Porcine	Intrusion/ extrusion	Mooney-Rivlin