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. 2018 Feb 14;8:3004. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21399-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Patients with steatohepatitis show T lymphocytes infiltration in meninges. Representative images of sections stained using an antibody against an specific marker for T lymphocytes (CD4) are shown in (A) for patients with different grades of liver disease (bar 100 μm). Representative images of sections stained with Tfh and Th17 subtype markers are shown in (B and C), respectively for a control subject and a patient with SH2 (bar 50 μm). D shows a double immunofluorescence (CD4 in red and CX3CR1 in green) showing a SH2 patient with infiltration of CD4⁺CD28⁻ T lymphocytes in meninges (bar 25 μm). E shows a representative image stained with anti-CD20, a marker of B lymphocytes, in a section of the same SH2 patient shown in A for T lymphocytes. F shows a representative image of a control patient stained with anti-CD20. The number of CD4⁺, Tfh, Th17 and CD4⁺CD28⁻ T lymphocytes was quantified in patients with different grades of liver disease (G). One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed to compare all groups. Values are the mean ± SEM of 4–9 individuals per group. Values significantly different from controls are indicated by asterisks, from SH1 patients by a and from SH2 patients by b. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.005; ^ap < 0.05; ^aaap < 0.005; ^bp < 0.05; ^bbbp < 0.005.