Table 1.

Joinpoint regression analysis of life expectancy in Shanghai Pudong New Area, 1973–2015

Phase	Trend period	Difference	Slope (95%CI)	Z
Descent	1973–1976	−2.05	−0.903* (−1.727 – − 0.078)	−2.146
Recovery	1976–1998	4.68	0.253*** (0.211–0.295)	11.816
Rapid rise	1998–2004	4.31	0.630** (0.261–0.998)	3.346
Slow rise	2004–2015	2.19	0.228*** (0.117–0.339)	4.016

*P-value< 0.05; **P -value< 0.01; ***P -value< 0.001