Table 1. Studies from which patient‐level data were provided and included in meta‐analyses.

Abbreviations: AZA, azacitidine; CALGB, Cancer and Leukemia Group B; EPO, serum erythropoietin; ESA, erythropoietin stimulating agent; FAB, French‐American‐British; HR, higher‐risk; Int‐1, intermediate‐1; IPSS, International Prognostic Scoring System; IV, intravenous; LR, lower‐risk; MDS, myelodysplastic syndromes; RAEB, refractory anemia with excess blasts; SC, subcutaneous; WHO, World Health Organization.