Table 1.

Parameter estimates from the linear mixed effects model linking temporal community turnover (β-diversity) to dispersal rate, mean growth rate, the coefficient of variation in growth rate, mean sensitivity to competition, the coefficient of variation in sensitivity to competition, mean α-diversity across the gradient and initial spatial β-diversity across the gradient. Because the covariates and response variable were standardized, the estimates are also effect sizes (*P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001). The marginal R² = 0.360 and conditional R² = 0.411 indicate the amount of variance explained by the fixed effects, and by the combination of fixed and random effects, respectively. For all fixed effects, d.f. = 492.

Parameter	Estimate (± SD)
Intercept	0.000 (0.013)ns
Mean of gi	0.356 (0.018)***
Coefficient of variation of gi	0.591 (0.031)***
Mean of li	0.117 (0.013)***
Coefficient of variation of li	0.216 (0.013)***
Dispersal (log transformed)	0.124 (0.012)***
Mean α-diversity across the gradient	0.006 (0.012)ns
Initial β-diversity across the gradient	0.059 (0.027)*