Table 3. Additional risk factors and occurrence of acute kidney injury.

	Crystalloid (n = 93)	HES (n = 183)	p value
Impaired renal function at admission	34 (36.6%)	50 (27.3%)	0.115
Arterial hypertension and/or DM	48 (51.6%)	70 (38.3%)	0.034*
SIRS	65 (69.9%)	150 (82.0%)	0.022*
Acute kidney injury (KDIGO 1–3)	25 (26.9%)	45 (24.6%)	0.679
Severe acute kidney injury (KDIGO 2–3)	16 (17.2%)	15 (8.2%)	0.025*
Patients with RRT	4 (4.3%)	4 (2.2%)	0.322

Data are given as absolute numbers and percentage.

* significant difference between crystalloid group and HES group.

“Impaired renal function at admission” is defined by a reduced creatinine clearance at admission or a known history of pre-existing chronic renal failure.

“Arterial hypertension and/or DM” is defined by a known history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus prior to admission.

“SIRS” is defined by any episode of fulfilling SIRS criteria during ICU stay.