Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics of 260 elderly patients with NDD-CKD.
| Characteristic | All | Non-sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 260 | n = 195 (75.0%) | n = 65 (25.0%) | ||
| Age (years) | 76 (69–80) | 74 (69–79) | 80 (76–84) | <0.001 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 169 (65.0) | 121 (62.1) | 48 (73.8) | 0.084 |
| UPCR (g/gCr) | 0.30 (0.14–1.12) | 0.28 (0.14–0.83) | 0.53 (0.16–1.83) | 0.019 |
| UPCR ≥ 0.5 (g/gCr), n (%) | 106 (41.1) | 71 (36.8) | 35 (53.8) | 0.016 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.6 ± 1.7 | 12.8 ± 1.7 | 12.2 ± 1.6 | 0.016 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 0.21 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.52 (1.19–2.32) | 1.47 (1.14–2.09) | 1.87 (1.27–2.89) | 0.009 |
| eGFRcr (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 31.5 ± 12.9 | 32.7 ± 12.6 | 28.1 ± 13.1 | 0.013 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 108 ± 29 | 108 ± 29 | 106 ± 28 | 0.57 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.07 (0.04–0.18) | 0.07 (0.03–0.14) | 0.18 (0.05–0.35) | 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.0 (5.7–6.4) | 6.0 (5.8–6.4) | 6.0 (5.6–6.5) | 0.95 |
| Exercise habit, n (%) | 138 (53.1) | 112 (57.4) | 26 (40.0) | 0.015 |
| Smoking habit, n (%) | 133 (51.2) | 95 (48.7) | 38 (58.5) | 0.17 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 199 (76.5) | 152 (77.9) | 47 (72.3) | 0.35 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 72 (27.7) | 46 (23.6) | 26 (40.0) | 0.01 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 71 (27.3) | 49 (25.1) | 22 (33.8) | 0.17 |
| History of fractures, n (%) | 71 (27.3) | 53 (27.2) | 18 (27.7) | 0.94 |
| Overall diuretic use, n (%) | 55 (21.2) | 32 (16.4) | 23 (35.4) | 0.001 |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 45 (17.3) | 23 (11.8) | 22 (33.8) | <0.001 |
| Overall anti-hypertensive drug use, n (%) | 207 (79.6) | 156 (80.0) | 51 (78.5) | 0.79 |
| RAAS inhibitors, n (%) | 168 (64.6) | 132 (67.7) | 36 (55.4) | 0.072 |
| DPP-4 inhibitor use, n (%) | 36 (13.8) | 25 (12.8) | 11 (16.9) | 0.41 |
| Statin use, n (%) | 97 (37.3) | 78 (40.0) | 19 (29.2) | 0.12 |
| Vitamin D analog use, n (%) | 51 (19.6) | 37 (19.0) | 14 (21.2) | 0.69 |
| XO inhibitor use, n (%) | 125 (48.1) | 85 (43.6) | 40 (61.5) | 0.012 |
Data are presented as number and percentage, mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range) as appropriate. CKD, chronic kidney disease; Cr, creatinine; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; eGFRcr, creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NDD-CKD, non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; UPCR, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; XO, xanthine oxidase.