Fig 13. The effect of saturating Ca²⁺ on reversing frequency dependence demonstrated using a reduced network.

(A) The reduced reaction network derived from the complete network. CaMKII is modeled as a monomer and undergoes phosphorylation at an arbitrary rate 1 s⁻¹ as long as it is bound with a CaM N1C2. (B) Summary of phosphorylation levels in the presence of varying Ca²⁺ ions per pulse from 20,000 ions/pulse to 50,000 ions/pulse delivered at 5 Hz and 10 Hz.