Table 3. Clinical Outcomes per Initiated Cycle According to Fruit and Vegetable Intake, Considering Pesticide Residue Status, Among 325 Women (Contributing 541 Cycles) From the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study.
| Fruit and Vegetable Intake, Q (Range), Servings/d | Probability (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Implantation | Clinical Pregnancy | Live Birth | ||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusteda,b | Unadjusted | Adjusteda,b | Unadjusted | Adjusteda,b | |
| Total | ||||||
| Q1 (0.7-2.7) | 0.70 (0.61-0.78) | 0.71 (0.59-0.8) | 0.64 (0.55-0.72) | 0.63 (0.51-0.74) | 0.54 (0.45-0.63) | 0.51 (0.39-0.63) |
| Q2 (2.7-3.8) | 0.64 (0.55-0.73) | 0.64 (0.54-0.73) | 0.60 (0.51-0.69) | 0.60 (0.49-0.69) | 0.53 (0.43-0.62) | 0.51 (0.41-0.61) |
| Q3 (3.9-5.3) | 0.68 (0.59-0.76) | 0.69 (0.6-0.77) | 0.64 (0.55-0.72) | 0.65 (0.55-0.73) | 0.57 (0.48-0.66) | 0.60 (0.50-0.69) |
| Q4 (5.3-14.9) | 0.6 (0.51-0.69) | 0.59 (0.44-0.72) | 0.56 (0.46-0.65) | 0.56 (0.41-0.69) | 0.47 (0.37-0.57) | 0.46 (0.32-0.61) |
| P value for trendc | .20 | .38 | .24 | .62 | .37 | .80 |
| High pesticide residued | ||||||
| Q1 (0.3-1.0) | 0.69 (0.59-0.78) | 0.70 (0.57-0.80) | 0.67 (0.56-0.76) | 0.67 (0.55-0.77) | 0.65 (0.54-0.75) | 0.65 (0.52-0.76) |
| Q2 (1.0-1.6) | 0.74 (0.65-0.81) | 0.74 (0.65-0.82) | 0.71 (0.62-0.78) | 0.70 (0.60-0.78) | 0.58 (0.49-0.67) | 0.55 (0.45-0.64) |
| Q3 (1.6-2.2) | 0.64 (0.55-0.73) | 0.64 (0.55-0.73) | 0.58 (0.49-0.67) | 0.58 (0.48-0.67) | 0.49 (0.40-0.59) | 0.49 (0.39-0.59) |
| Q4 (2.3-6.8) | 0.55 (0.45-0.65) | 0.56 (0.43-0.68) | 0.48 (0.38-0.58) | 0.49 (0.37-0.62) | 0.39 (0.29-0.50) | 0.39 (0.28-0.52) |
| P value for trendc | .02 | .08 | .004 | .04 | .002 | .02 |
| Low pesticide residuee | ||||||
| Q1 (0.5-1.7) | 0.58 (0.47-0.68) | 0.59 (0.48-0.7) | 0.50 (0.40-0.60) | 0.50 (0.39-0.61) | 0.39 (0.29-0.49) | 0.38 (0.28-0.50) |
| Q2 (1.7-2.5) | 0.71 (0.62-0.79) | 0.71 (0.6-0.79) | 0.66 (0.56-0.75) | 0.65 (0.54-0.74) | 0.56 (0.46-0.66) | 0.56 (0.45-0.66) |
| Q3 (2.5-3.5) | 0.64 (0.55-0.73) | 0.65 (0.56-0.73) | 0.62 (0.53-0.71) | 0.63 (0.53-0.71) | 0.57 (0.48-0.67) | 0.58 (0.48-0.67) |
| Q4 (3.6-11.5) | 0.70 (0.60-0.78) | 0.70 (0.56-0.81) | 0.66 (0.56-0.75) | 0.67 (0.53-0.78) | 0.59 (0.48-0.69) | 0.57 (0.43-0.69) |
| P value for trendc | .24 | .43 | .09 | .16 | .05 | .14 |
Abbreviation: Q, quartile.
Model was adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, race, folate supplementation, organic fruit and vegetable consumption frequency, residential pesticide exposure history, total energy intake, Western and prudent pattern scores, and infertility diagnosis. Adjusted means are calculated at the mean level of continuous covariates and weighted average over levels of categorical covariates.
Adjusted proportions were calculated at mean levels for continuous covariates and weighted average over categorical covariates.
Tests for trend were performed using the median intake in each quartile as a continuous variable in the model.
Model additionally adjusted for low-pesticide fruit and vegetable intake.
Model additionally adjusted for high-pesticide fruit and vegetable intake.