Table 1. Self-Reported Sociodemographic Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Conditions of Veterans at Enrollment in the US Department of Veterans Affairs’ PACT or H-PACT, Study on Population-Tailored Care for Homeless Veterans and Acute Care Use, Cost, and Satisfaction, June 2012–January 2014.
| Characteristic | No. of Respondents | Overall, No. (%) (N = 266) | H-PACTa, No. (%b) (n = 183) | PACTc, No. (%b) (n = 83) | P Valued |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | |||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 265 | 52.1 (9.2) | 51.8 (9.1) | 52.7 (9.6) | .46 |
| Male sex | 265 | 251 (94.7) | 176 (96.7) | 75 (90.4) | .04 |
| Non-Hispanic white race | 264 | 120 (45.5) | 78 (43.1) | 42 (50.6) | .45 |
| Education >12 y | 264 | 242 (91.7) | 166 (91.2) | 76 (92.7) | .69 |
| Marital status single | 265 | 251 (94.7) | 172 (94.5) | 79 (96.3) | .76 |
| Available cash per month <$500 | 261 | 120 (46.0) | 82 (46.1) | 38 (45.8) | .28 |
| No. of months homeless, mean (SD)e | 263 | 28.0 (22.0) | 28.7 (28.7) | 26.2 (22.3) | .48 |
| Sheltering status | |||||
| Unsheltered | 265 | 42 (15.9) | 27 (14.8) | 15 (18.1) | .06 |
| Emergency sheltered | 265 | 46 (17.4) | 39 (21.4) | 7 (8.4) | |
| Transitional housing | 265 | 97 (36.6) | 61 (33.5) | 36 (43.4) | |
| Doubled-up | 265 | 80 (30.2) | 55 (30.2) | 25 (30.1) | |
| Health | |||||
| Overall health status,f mean (SD) | 261 | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | .90 |
| Received acute care services during 12 consecutive months of enrollment | 264 | 190 (72.0) | 125 (68.7) | 65 (79.3) | .08 |
| Medical condition | |||||
| Any medical problem | 265 | 227 (85.7) | 155 (85.2) | 72 (86.8) | .73 |
| Arthritis/chronic pain | 259 | 111 (42.9) | 78 (44.3) | 33 (39.8) | .49 |
| Hypertension | 263 | 87 (33.1) | 56 (31.1) | 31 (37.4) | .32 |
| Hepatitis/cirrhosis | 261 | 66 (25.3) | 40 (22.4) | 26 (31.7) | .11 |
| Emphysema/asthma/COPD | 262 | 64 (24.4) | 46 (25.4) | 18 (22.2) | .58 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | 263 | 52 (19.8) | 35 (19.4) | 17 (20.5) | .84 |
| Heart disease | 263 | 26 (9.9) | 15 (8.3) | 11 (13.3) | .21 |
| Seizure disorder | 262 | 19 (7.3) | 13 (7.2) | 6 (7.3) | >.99 |
| Cancer | 261 | 15 (5.8) | 12 (6.7) | 3 (3.7) | .40 |
| Mental health condition | |||||
| Any mental health condition | 265 | 207 (78.1) | 138 (75.8) | 69 (83.1) | .18 |
| Depression | 260 | 180 (69.2) | 122 (67.4) | 58 (73.4) | .33 |
| Anxiety | 261 | 165 (63.2) | 111 (61.7) | 54 (66.7) | .44 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 246 | 125 (50.8) | 85 (50.9) | 40 (50.6) | .97 |
| Bipolar disorder | 245 | 47 (19.2) | 33 (19.6) | 14 (18.2) | .79 |
| Substance use or abuse | |||||
| Any drinking in past 6 months | 265 | 162 (61.1) | 114 (62.6) | 48 (57.8) | .46 |
| Cocaine use in past 6 months | 265 | 60 (22.6) | 44 (24.2) | 16 (19.3) | .37 |
| Heroin or nonprescribed opiate use in past 6 months | 266 | 24 (9.0) | 19 (10.4) | 5 (6.0) | .25 |
| Injured in altercation in past 6 months | 264 | 42 (15.9) | 35 (19.3) | 7 (8.4) | .03 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; H-PACT, Homeless-Patient Aligned Care Team; PACT, Patient Aligned Care Team; SD, standard deviation.
Built on the framework of PACT, H-PACT addresses issues of access, treatment engagement, competing priorities, and the social determinants of health that are associated with homelessness.
Percentages are based on number of respondents who answered question.
PACT is a primary care–based model constructed on the principles of patient centeredness, interdisciplinary teamwork, efficiency, comprehensive whole person–oriented longitudinal care, and active communication and coordination (24).
Determined by t test (difference in means) and χ2 analyses (difference in frequencies).
The median (interquartile range) was 24 (7–48) for H-PACT, 18 (6–48) for PACT, and 24 (7–48) overall.
Self-rated Likert scale from 1 (excellent) to 5 (poor).