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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2017 Jul 4;136(1):98–109. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.027039

Figure 2. Cellular postconditioning in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Figure 2

A, Experimental protocol involving male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) subjected to 30 minutes of left coronary artery ischemia followed by either 48 hours (h) or 4 weeks (w) of reperfusion. Myocardial area-at-risk and infarct size were determined at 48 h postreperfusion. Plasma levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was measured at 2 h and 48 h of reperfusion. At 20 minutes of reperfusion, rat CDCs (0.5×106) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were injected directly into the left ventricular lumen following aortic cross-clamping. B, Representative photomicrographs of SHRs receiving either PBS or CDCs at 20 minutes of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size is significantly attenuated in the CDC-treated heart. C, Myocardial area-at-risk (AAR) as a percentage of the left ventricle (LV), infarct size (INF) per AAR, and INF as a percent of the LV in rats receiving either PBS or CDCs. Myocardial infarct size per area-at-risk or LV was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in the CDC group. D, Plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels at 2 and 48 h following reperfusion. cTnI levels are significantly (P<0.05) reduced at 48 h postreperfusion. E, Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline and at 4 weeks following reperfusion. LVEF is similar at baseline and significantly (P<0.05) greater in animals receiving CDCs. F, Left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) at baseline and 4 weeks of reperfusion in the PBS and CDC groups. LVESD is significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the CDC group in comparison with PBS. G, Interventricular septal dimension at end-systole (IVSs) at baseline and 4 weeks following reperfusion. IVSs was significantly (P<0.01) greater in hearts treated with CDCs than with PBS. H, Interventricular septal dimension at end-diastole (IVSd) at baseline and 4 weeks postreperfusion. Similar to IVSs, IVSd was significantly (P<0.01) greater in the CDC group than in the PBS group. Numbers inside the bars represent the number of animals in each group. Statistical significance was determined by using the Student t test. CDC indicates cardiosphere-derived cell; and 2,3,5-TTC, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. *Plasma samples for cTnI. ‡Myocardial infarct size analysis. †2-D Echocardiography, Visual Sonics Vevo 2100.