Table 3.
Cell Types Administered in a Potentially Cardioprotective Preclinical Protocol
| Cell Type | Most Advanced Model Tested | Immune Match? (Allo-, Syn-, or Xenogeneic) | Cardioprotection Demonstrated in Realistic Acute Myocardial Infarction Model? | Clinical Testing Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Testing? | Clinical Testing for Acute Myocardial Infarction? | ||||
| MSCs | Pig | Allo/Syn | No | Yes | No |
| UBMNCs | Pig | Allo/Xeno | No | No | No |
| BMNCs | Pig | Allo/Syn | No | Yes | No |
| EPCs | Pig | Allo/Syn/Xeno | No | Yes | No |
| BATDCs | Rat | Syn | No | No | No |
| CD31+ BMDPCs | Pig | Syn | No | No | No |
| MPAPCs | Rodent | Syn/Allo | No | No | No |
| ESC-Derived CMs | Monkey | Xeno/Syn | No | No | No |
| ADSCs | Pig | Syn | No | Yes | No |
| BM Sca-1 Cells | Rat | Syn | No | No | No |
| CMBs | Mouse | Xeno/Syn | No | No | No |
| iPS-Derived CMs | Monkey | Xeno | No | No | No |
| BMCs | Rat | Syn | No | No | No |
| CDCs | Pig | Allo/Syn/Xeno | Yes | Yes | No |
| TDSCs | Mouse | Syn | No | No | No |
| c-Kit+ Heart Cells | Pig | Syn | No | Yes | No |
| AFSCs | Rat | Syn | No | No | No |
| CD34+ BMCs | Rodent | Syn | No | Yes | No |
| MPCs | Pig | Allo | No | Yes | Yes |
Cell type, most advanced animal model tested, level of immune match, demonstration of cardioprotection in a clinically realistic model of acute myocardial infarction (yes/no) and clinical testing status (yes/no for any studies in patients, and yes/no specifically when tested clinically in acute phase of myocardial infarction [ie, adjunctive to percutaneous intervention]). A PubMed search on “stem cells” and “acute myocardial infarction” yielded 446 preclinical citations (on March 24, 2017). These were sifted to identify studies in which cells were administered in vivo within 3 hours of coronary ligation if not reperfused, or within 2 hours of ischemia/reperfusion if reperfused. For any given cell type, only the earliest citation to have appeared in the search is cited. Variants of cell types subjected to various conditioning protocols or genetic alterations, or from multiple different species, are not parsed out individually. ADSCs55 indicate adipose-derived stem cells; AFSCs,62 amniotic fluid stem cells; BATDCs,51 brown adipose tissue–derived cells; BMNCs,49 bone marrow mononuclear cells; BM?Cs,59 bone marrow? cells; BM Sca-1 cells,56 bone marrow Sca-1 cells; CD31+ BMDPCs,52 CD31+ bone marrow–derived progenitor cells; CD34+ BMCs,63 bone marrow CD34+ cells; CDCs,60 cardiosphere-derived cells; CMBs,57 cardiac mesangioblasts; EPCs,50 endothelial progenitor cells; ESC-derived CMs,54 ESC-derived cardiomyocytes; iPS-derived CMs,58 iPS-derived cardiomyocytes; MPAPCs,53 multipotent adult progenitor cells; MSCs,47 mesenchymal stem cells; TDSCs,61 tongue-derived stem cells; and UBMNCs,48 umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells.