Table 4.

Adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI) of Non-adherence to Newly Prescribed Diabetes Medications for Latino Groups Compared to Whites (N = 30,838) and for Limited English Proficient Latinos Compared to English-speaking Latinos (N = 8960)

	White (reference)				English-speaking Latino (reference)
	English-speaking Latino	LEP Latino	LEP Concordant	LEP Discordant	LEP Latino
Oral diabetes prescriptions
Primary non-adherence	1.39 (1.23,1.58)*	1.66 (1.43,1.92)*	1.72 (1.40,2.12)*	1.61 (1.35,1.93)*	1.19 (1.02,1.39) †
Early stage non-persistence	1.36 (1.28,1.45)*	1.58 (1.47,1.70)*	1.59 (1.43,1.76)*	1.58 (1.44,1.72)*	1.16 (1.07,1.26) †
Later stage non-persistence	1.28 (1.23,1.33)*	1.49 (1.42,1.56)*	1.47 (1.37,1.56)*	1.50 (1.42,1.59)*	1.16 (1.11,1.22) †
Inadequate adherence based on NPMG	1.27 (1.23,1.31)*	1.43 (1.37,1.48)*	1.40 (1.32,1.47)*	1.45 (1.38,1.52)*	1.13 (1.08,1.17) †
Insulin prescriptions
Primary non-adherence	1.28 (1.02,1.60)*	1.21 (0.89,1.63)	1.23 (0.84,1.82)	1.16 (0.77,1.75)	0.94 (0.68,1.31)
Early stage non-persistence	1.30 (1.17,1.43)*	1.54 (1.36,1.74)*	1.51 (1.27,1.81)*	1.56 (1.35,1.81)*	1.19 (1.04,1.36) †

Note: Adjusted for patient age, sex, and neighborhood deprivation index; and provider age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Abbreviations: LEP: limited English proficient; LEP Concordant: LEP Latino patient with language concordant primary care provider; LEP Discordant: LEP Latino patient with language discordant primary care physician. NPMG: New Prescription Medication Gap (adherence defined as “adequate” or “inadequate” based on gaps in medication supplies of < 20% or ≥ 20% of the time, respectively, starting from the prescribing date or date of first dispensing).

^*Compared to Whites: p-value <0.05

^†Compared to English-speaking Latino: p-value <0.05