. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 15.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2016 Dec;14(4):371–385. doi: 10.1007/s11938-016-0110-2

Table 1.

NEWEST ANTIEMETIC MEDICATIONS

Medication (approval date)	Mechanism(s) of Action	Indication	Other Conditions Where Benefits Have Been Reported	Advantages Over Older Agents	Side Effects
Transdermal scopolamine (2008)	5-HT₃ receptor antagonist	CINV	Diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis	Transdermal patch delivers drug continuously even in patients with severe vomiting; less cardiac toxicity	Constipation Headache Loss of adhesion Skin irritation
Palonosetron (2003-IV, 2008-oral)	5-HT₃ receptor antagonist	CINV	Radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting PONV Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting Idiopathic intracranial hypertension	Greater potency an longer half life; less cardiac toxicity	Constipation Headache
Netupitant-palonosetron (2015)	Combined NK₁ and 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist	CINV	–	Netupitant has longer half life than aprepitant; palonosetron has longer half life than older 5-HT₃ antagonists; combination is synergistic as antiemetic	Constipation Headache Fatigue Dyspepsia
Rolapitant (2015)	NK₁ receptor antagonist	CINV	PONV	Longest half life in class, prolonged central nervous system penetration	Constipation Headache Dyspepsia Headache

CINV—chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

PONV—postoperative nausea and vomiting