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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychology. 2017 Oct 2;32(1):77–88. doi: 10.1037/neu0000356

Figure 3.

Figure 3

3MS and VM trajectories by monolingual bilingual status. Results show average linear 3MS and VM trajectories of groups defined by patterns of language usage. Monolingual Spanish uses predominantly Spanish, Monolingual English primarily English, and Bilingual uses both English and Spanish in routine activities. Monolingual Spanish have lower baseline 3MS scores, but rates of change do not differ across groups. VM baseline scores and rate of change do not differ by monolingual bilingual status. Covariates included age, gender, and education (continuous).