Table 2.
Association between maternal PAHs exposure and the risk of CHDs.
| PAHs exposure | Cases | Controls | cOR(95%CI) | aORb(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No.(%) | No.(%) | |||
| Any CHDs | ||||
| low | 43(12.0) | 62(23.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
| high | 314(88.0) | 208(77.0) | 2.177(1.421,3.335) | 2.029(1.266,3.251)* |
| septal defects | ||||
| low | 27(11.5) | 62(23.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
| high | 208(88.5) | 208(77.0) | 2.296(1.405,3.752) | 2.373(1.376,4.093)* |
| conotruncal heart defects | ||||
| low | 16(10.0) | 62(23.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
| high | 144(90.0) | 208(77.0) | 2.683(1.488,4.836) | 2.349(1.250,4.416)* |
| right-sided obstructive malformations | ||||
| low | 11(9.6) | 62(23.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
| high | 103(90.4) | 208(77.0) | 2.791(1.409,5.528) | 2.423(1.190,4.933)* |
| left-sided obstructive malformations | ||||
| low | 7(9.7) | 62(23.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
| high | 65(90.3) | 208(77.0) | 2.768(1.207,6.345) | 2.662(1.085,6.529)* |
| anomalous pulmonary venous return | ||||
| low | 5(7.8) | 62(23.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
| high | 59(92.2) | 208(77.0) | 3.517(1.352,9.149) | 2.962(1.068,8.212)* |
| other cardiac structural abnormalities | ||||
| low | 11(10.8) | 62(23.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
| high | 91(89.2) | 208(77.0) | 2.466(1.241,4.906) | 2.327(1.129,4.795)* |
cOR: crude odds ration; aOR: adjusted odds ration, adjusted for maternal age, gestational week, housing renovation, factory or landfill nearby, cooking at home, parental smoking or ETS exposure, maternal alcohol consumption, folic acid supplements.