Table 1.

Symptom outcomes for patented crystalline glucosamine sulfate (pCGS) formulation after 6 months to 3 years of treatment for knee osteoarthritis.

Table adapted from Reginster [23]

Outcome	Fixed-model effect size (95% CI)a
WOMAC scale
Total	0.33 (0.17–0.49)
Pain	0.27 (0.12–0.43)
Function	0.33 (0.17–0.48)
Lequesne indexb	0.38 (0.19–0.57)

^aPooled effect size: estimates and 95% CIs from fixed-model meta-analysis method using the pooled standard deviation in each study/outcome [26–28]

^bNot assessed in one study [27]. Heterogeneity, I ² = 0.00