Table 2.
Neuroimaging data in the TC, mildRF+ TBI, moderate/severe TBI groups
| n* | Groups | ANOVA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TC | Mild RF+ TBI | Moderate/Severe TBI | F(2,62) | p | Contrasts | |
| 27 | 20 | 17 | ||||
| Acute CT-scan | ||||||
| Intracranial Pathology, n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (35) | 11 (65) | TC < M < MS | ||
| Normalized Brain Volume (cm3) | ||||||
| White matter | 701.0 (28.1) | 680.4 (28.1) | 675.6 (32.4) | 4.5 | .016 | TC > M, MS |
| Grey matter | 1070.0 (38.0) | 1044.5 (50.6) | 1051.8 (53.3) | 1.8 | .18 | |
| Normalized Subcortical Volume (cm3) | ||||||
| Thalamus | 21.8 (1.2) | 21.2 (1.4) | 21.0 (2.1) | 1.5 | .23 | |
| Caudate Nuclei | 10.1 (1.3) | 10.7 (0.9) | 9.8 (1.7) | 3.2 | .050 | |
| Striatum | 19.5 (1.7) | 18.5 (1.5) | 18.9 (2.0) | 1.7 | .19 | |
| Hippocampus | 10.4 (9.3) | 10.0 (1.1) | 10.6 (1.3) | 0.2 | .82 | |
| Amygdala | 3.2 (0.5) | 3.1 (0.5) | 3.3 (0.7) | 0.4 | .64 | |
| Accumbens Nuclei | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.1 | .33 | |
| Upper Brainstem | 26.1 (1.9) | 25.6 (2.4) | 26.2 (3.2) | 0.3 | .72 | |
| DTI Parameters | ||||||
| FA whole brain skeleton | .421 (.015) | .420 (.020) | .407 (.019) | 4.1 | .022 | TC, M > MS |
| FA whole cluster | .468 (.018) | .458 (.023) | .432 (.021) | 15.4 | <.001 | TC, M > MS |
| MD whole cluster (10−5 mm2/s) | 84.7 (2.4) | 85.3 (2.8) | 86.8 (2.7) | 3.2 | .049 | TC < MS |
| AD whole cluster (10−5 mm2/s) | 133.0 (2.2) | 132.6 (2.4) | 131.6 (2.8) | 1.8 | .18 | NS |
| RD whole cluster (105 mm2/s) | 60.6 (2.8) | 61.6 (3.5) | 64.4 (3.2) | 7.5 | .001 | TC, M < TC |
Data reflect mean (SD), unless otherwise indicated. Bold values pertain to significant results. TC traumatic control; TBI traumatic brain injury; RF risk factor; NS not significant; FA fractional anisotropy; MD mean diffusivity; AD axial diffusivity; RD radial diffusivity; M mildRF+ TBI group; MS moderate/severe TBI group
*Missing values for brain volumes (n = 4) and DTI parameters (n = 1)