Table 1.
Clinical Measures, Biomarker Prevalence and Model Definition.
| Clinical Measure | Source Cohort | Biomarker Cohort | Odds Ratio | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GERD N = 915 |
Controls N = 637 |
BE N = 106 |
GERD N = 153 |
Controls N = 112 |
BE N = 20 |
Crude | Full Modela | ||||
| GERD | BE | GERD | BE | ||||||||
| Caucasian |
846
(92.5) |
581
(91.2) |
97
(91.5) |
147
(96.1) |
109
(97.3) |
18
(90) |
0.67
(0.17–2.76) |
0.25
(0.04–1.59) |
|||
|
Duration
(months) |
3
(1–6) |
2
(1–5) |
3
(1–7) |
2
(1–6) |
3
(1–5) |
3
(2–7) |
0.99
(0.91–1.09) |
1.14
(0.98–1.34) |
|||
| PFT at SPE | FEV 1 |
90
(80–99) |
89
(80–98) |
91
(81–100) |
91
(81.0–102.5) |
93.5
(83.3–104.0) |
92.5
(85–107) |
1.00
(0.98–1.01) |
1.00
(0.97–1.03) |
||
| FVC |
86
(77–94) |
85
(76–94) |
87
(79–98) |
88
(79–97) |
88
(80–97) |
90
(81.3–98.5) |
1.00
(0.99–1.02) |
0.65
(0.27–1.52) |
|||
| FEV 1 /FVC |
83.8
(79.3–87.0) |
84.0
(79.5–87.4) |
83.7
(79.1–86.8) |
83.7
(78.8–87.0) |
84.6
(80.6–87.4) |
85
(82.5–88.7) |
0.97
(0.93–1.01) |
1.01
(0.93–1.10) |
|||
| BMI | MMTP Entry |
28.4
(26.4–30.7) |
28
(26.0–30.3) |
28.5
(26.6–30.9) |
28.1
(26.0–30.7) |
27.8
(25.8–30.1) |
27.6
(25.9–29.8) |
1.05
(0.97–1.12) |
0.98
(0.86–1.12) |
1.02
(0.95–1.10) |
0.93
(0.81–1.08) |
| SPE |
30.1
(27.4–33.3) |
29.4
(27.0–32.4) |
29.7
(27.5–33.5) |
29.4
(26.9–31.7) |
28.5
(26.5–31.1) |
28.9
(26.8–30.8) |
1.05
(0.99–1.11) |
0.99
(0.88–1.11) |
|||
| Age on 9/11 |
41
(37–46) |
42
(36–46) |
43
(38–46) |
41
(37–46) |
40
(36.3–44.8) |
41
(37.3–46.0) |
1.01
(0.97–1.04) |
1.02
(0.95–1.09) |
0.99
(0.95–1.03) |
1.01
(0.94–1.09) |
|
| Exposure | Low | 681 (71.1) | 491 (73.2) | 78 (70.9) | 125 (81.7) | 86 (76.8) | 14 (70.0) | Reference | |||
| High | 234 (24.4) | 146 (21.8) | 28 (25.5) | 28 (18.3) | 26 (23.2) | 6 (30) |
1.35
(0.74–2.46) |
0.71
(0.25–2.02) |
1.31
(0.70–2.43) |
0.55
(0.16–1.85) |
|
| Biomarker | C-peptide b |
791.2
(372.3–1792.3) |
550.7
(250.5–1305.8) |
755.6
(436.9–1176.5) |
2.12
(1.24–3.62) |
2.08
(1.20–3.61) |
|||||
| TNF-α b,c |
4.7
(2.9–6.9) |
4.3
(2.9–5.7) |
5.7
(3.5–6.8) |
2.09
(1.19–3.68) |
2.90
(1.09–7.72) |
2.06
(1.15–3.70) |
3.84
(1.23–12.03) |
||||
| Fractalkine |
63.7
(28.4–155.6) |
70.6
(26.4–142.6) |
101.4
(39.7–597.1) |
3.96
(1.46–10.76) |
3.42
(1.18–9.96) |
||||||
| IP-10 c |
257.6
(200.2–350.4) |
236.6
(183.2–308.2) |
323.2
(236.7–662.5) |
3.95
(1.47–10.60) |
4.47
(1.45–13.84) |
||||||
Median(IQR) or N(%) as indicated; FEV1 and FVC as % Predicted.
aLogistic Regression Model for biomarkers adjusted for age on 9/11, Exposure, and BMI at MMTP Entry.
Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit, GERD = χ2, 5.958; df = 8; P = 0.65 & BE = χ2, 8.11; df = 8; P = 0.42. bp < 0.05 Mann-Whitney U test GERD vs Controls; cp < 0.05 Mann-Whitney U test BE vs Controls.
Biomarker Cutpoints: C-peptide ≥ 360 pg/mL, TNFα ≥ 6 pg/mL, Fractalkine ≥ 250 pg/mL, IP-10 ≥ 290 pg/mL.
TNF-α- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha; IP-10- Interferon gamma-induced protein-10.