Role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in altered Ca2+ homeostasis induced by phosphorylation of Nav1.5 and ryanodine receptor sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-release channel (RyR2). A: Na+/Ca2+ exchanger current (INCX) values over time at steady-state 1-Hz pacing frequency for simulated wild-type (WT), Nav1.5-S571A (superimposed on WT), and Nav1.5-S571E models. B: INCX values over time at steady-state 1-Hz pacing frequency for simulated WT, RyR2-S2814A (superimposed on WT), and RyR2-S2814D models. C and D: peak forward-mode INCX (C) and maximum intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i; D) during action potential from initiation of simulation for WT, Nav1.5-S571E, and RyR2-S2814D models.