Table 2.
Overview of primary and secondary variables at all times of measure
| Early pregnancy | Late pregnancy | 2 months after childbirth | 6 months after childbirth | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group N=78) | Control group N=80 | P/adjusted P | Intervention group N=78) | Control group N=80 | P/adjusted P | Intervention group N=78) | Control group N=80 | P/adjusted P | Intervention group N=78) | Control group N=80 | P/adjusted P | |
| Primary outcome variables | ||||||||||||
| W‐BQ12 (score range 0–36) | n=77 | n=80 | 0.048 | n=62 | n=69 | 0.78/0.64 | n=59 | n=68 | 1.00/0.85 | n=69 | n=74 | 0.54/0.68 |
| Mean (sd) | 23.4 (5.4) | 21.6 (6.0) | 22.3 (6.3) | 22.6 (5.1) | 22.6 (6.5) | 22.6 (6.3) | 23.5 (5.9) | 22.8 (6.8) | ||||
| Median (min.; max.) | 24.0 (12.0; 33.0) | 22.0 (5.0; 33.0) | 23.0 (6.0; 36.0) | 23.0 (8.0; 34.0) | 23.0 (8.0; 35.0) | 24.0 (7.0; 32.0) | (10.0; 35.0) 24.0 | 25.0 (5.0; 32.0) | ||||
| SWE‐DES‐10 (1–5) | n=77 | n=80 | 0.79 | n=61 | n=69 | 0.76/0.96 | n=60 | n=68 | 0.24/0.33 | n=69 | n=74 | 0.53/0.75 |
| Mean (sd) | 3.93 (0.47) | 3.90 (0.57) | 3.97 (0.51) | 3.94 (0.56) | 3.95 (0.57) | 3.83 (0.55) | 3.86 (0.56) | 3.80 (0.58) | ||||
| Median (min.; max.) | 4.00 (2.20; 4.90) | 3.90 (2.60; 5.00) | 4.00 (2.60; 5.00) | 4.00 (2.50; 5.00) | 3.90 (2.50; 5.00) | 3.80 (2.00; 5.00) | 4.00 (2.40; 5.00) | 3.80 (1.80; 5.00) | ||||
| Secondary outcome variables | ||||||||||||
| SOC‐13 (score range 13–91) | n=77 | n=80 | 0.62 | n=62 | n=69 | 0.85/0.91 | n=58 | n=69 | 0.32/0.32 | n=69 | n=74 | 0.36/0.31 |
| Mean (sd) | 69.3 (9.1) | 68.6 (9.9) | 68.8 (10.6) | 68.5 (10.7) | 69.6 (10.9) | 67.5 (12.3) | 68.2 (11.1) | 66.2 (14.5) | ||||
| Median (min.; max.) | 70.0 (44.0; 88.0) | 71.3 (41.0; 87.0) | 69.0 (43.0; 88.0) | 71.0 (36.0; 83.0) | 72.0 (45.0; 86.0) | 70.0 (39.0; 84.0) | 68.0 (47.0; 89.0) | 70.0 (23.0; 85.6) | ||||
| SWE‐ PAID‐20 (score range 0–100) | n=67 | n=71 | 0.49 | n=62 | n=66 | 0.39/0.40 | n=59 | n=66 | 0.73/0.70 | n=69 | n=74 | 0.99/0.99 |
| Mean (sd) | 26.2 (16.5) | 28.0 (15.8) | 25.3 (17.8) | 28.0 (18.2) | 27.0 (19.2) | 25.8 (19.0) | 28.2 (19.3) | 28.1 (19.6) | ||||
| Median (min.; max.) | 21.3 (1.3; 68.8) | 26.3 (0.0; 71.3) | 23.7 (0.0; 76.3) | 25.0 (2.5; 83.3) | 22.5 (1.3; 80.0) | 19.4 (0.0; 70.0) | 22.5 (0.0; 86.3) | 26.9 (0.0; 77.5) | ||||
| Swedish Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey (score range 0–80) | n=65 | n=69 | 0.75 | n=61 | n=67 | 0.71/0.86 | n=58 | n=68 | 0.73/0.78 | n=69 | n=73 | 0.17/0.16 |
| Mean (sd) | 25.9 (11.4) | 26.5 (11.4) | 24.2 (11.1) | 24.9 (9.8) | 27.3 (13.8) | 28.1 (12.6) | 25.7 (12.2) | 28.6 (13.3) | ||||
| Median (min.; max.) | 24.0 (4.0; 57.0) | 26.0 (6.0; 56.0) | 24.0 (2.0; 50.0) | 25.0 (5.0; 47.0) | 25.5 (2.0; 61.0) | 27.5 (5.0; 72.0) | 25.0 (2.0; 66.0) | 29.0 (4.0; 59.0) | ||||
| Self‐perceived health, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Excellent | 6 (7.8) | 4 (5.0) | 8 (12.9) | 4 (5.9) | 9 (15.3) | 8 (11.6) | 9 (13.0) | 5 (6.8) | ||||
| Very good | 34 (44.2) | 35 (43.8) | 26 (41.9) | 30 (44.1) | 23 (39.0) | 27 (39.1) | 21 (30.4) | 33 (44.6) | ||||
| Good | 27 (35.1) | 32 (40.0) | 17 (27.4) | 22 (32.4) | 15 (25.4) | 23 (33.3) | 23 (33.3) | 25 (33.8) | ||||
| Fair | 9 (11.7) | 8 (10.0) | 7 (11.3) | 9 (13.2) | 9 (15.3) | 9 (13.0) | 11 (15.9) | 8 (10.8) | ||||
| Poor | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.3) | 0.75 | 4 (6.5) | 3 (4.4) | 0.58/0.78 | 3 (5.1) | 2 (2.9) | 0.97/0.84 | 5 (7.2) | 3 (4.1) | 0.44/0.36 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | n=78 | n=79 | 0.14 | n=76 | n=77 | 0.02/0.02 | n=41 | n=46 | 0.36/0.42 | n=63 | n=64 | 0.07/0.08 |
| Mean (sd) | 55 (12) | 58 (14) | 44 (8) | 48 (8) | 49 (9) | 51 (11) | 51 (10) | 55 (11) | ||||
| Median (min.; max.) | 54 (34; 89) | 55 (38; 112) | 44 (28; 80) | 46 (33; 84) | 48 (34; 78) | 50 (21; 74) | 52 (30; 80) | 52 (41; 86) | ||||
| HbA1c, % | 7.2 (3.2) | 7.5 (3.4) | 6.2 (2.9) | 6.5 (2.9) | 6.6 (3.0) | 6.8 (3.2) | 6.8 (3.1) | 7.2 (3.2) | ||||
| 7.1 (5.3; 10.3) | 7.2 (5.6; 12.4) | 6.2 (4.7; 9.5) | 6.4 (5.2; 9.8) | 6.5 (5.3; 9.3) | 6.7 (4.1; 8.9) | 6.9 (4.9; 9.5) | 6.9 (5.9; 10.0) | |||||
SOC‐13, 13‐item Sense of Coherence questionnaire; SWE‐DES‐10, Swedish Diabetes Empowerment Scale, short version; SWE‐HFS, SWE‐HFS, Swedish Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey; SWE‐PAID‐20, Swedish Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale; W‐BQ12, 12‐item well‐being questionnaire.
Adjusted P: P value adjusted for insulin administration method.
For comparison between groups, the Mantel–Haenszel chi‐squared test was used for ordered categorical variables and Fisher's
nonparametric permutation test was used for continuous variables.