Table 4. Association Between sVCAM-1 and Ischemic Stroke in the Bruneck Study^a.

Characteristic	Events, No.	Incidence Rate per 1000 Person-years (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	P Value
All ischemic strokes	101	5.8 (4.7-7.0)	0.97 (0.78-1.20)	.75
AF-related ischemic stroke	24	1.3 (0.9-2.0)	1.54 (1.01-2.35)	.048
Non–AF-related ischemic stroke	77	4.4 (3.5-5.5)	0.85 (0.66-1.09)	.20

Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; HR, hazard ratio; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.

^aThe sVCAM-1 level was treated as a continuous variable. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios associated with a 1-SD higher sVCAM-1 level. Models were adjusted for age (years), sex, smoking (0 vs 1), alcohol consumption (grams per day), hypertension (0 vs 1), log_e N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (picograms per milliliter), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T level (undetectable vs tertiles of detectable), diabetes (0 vs 1), glomerular filtration rate (milliliters per minute), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (milligrams per liter), and atherosclerosis (0 vs 1).