Table 2.
Association between histologic chorioamnionitis and MRI measures
| Histologic chorioamnionitis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (n = 47) | Absent (n = 165) | ORa (95% CI) p value | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) p value | |
| (I) Brain injury | ||||
| Abnormal white matter signal, n (%) | 13 (7.9) | 4 (8.5) | 1.2 (0.4, 4.0) p = 0.78 |
0.7 (0.2, 2.3) p = 0.59 |
| Cystic periventricular leukomalacia, n (%) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | – | – |
| Intraventricular haemorrhage, n (%) | 9 (19.2) | 5 (3.0) | 7.4 (2.4, 23.1) p = 0.001 |
1.8 (0.5, 7.0) p = 0.41 |
| (II) Brain maturation | ||||
| Complete myelination of the PLIC, n (%) | 41 (87.2) | 139 (84.2) | 1.5 (0.3, 3.4) p = 0.58 |
0.9 (0.2, 4.4) p = 0.99 |
| Gyral maturation< 38 weeks, n (%) | 29 (61.7) | 71 (43.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.8) p = 0.05 |
1.6 (0.7, 3.6) p = 0.24 |
| (III) Brain metrics (a) Brain measures | Coefficienta (95% CI) p value | Adjusted coefficient b (95% CI) p value | ||
| Brain biparietal diameter (mm) | 83.4 (4.1) | 82.5 (4.5) | 0.6 (−0.7, 1.9) p = 0.38 |
0.9 (− 0.6, 2.3) p = 0.23 |
| Corpus callosum – genu (mm) | 3.9 (1.5) | 4.3 (1.4) | −0.3 (− 0.8, 0.1) p = 0.14 |
0.1 (− 0.4, 0.5) p = 0.82 |
| Corpus callosum – body (mm) | 2.0 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.5) | −0.1 (− 0.3, 0.1) p = 0.45 |
0.1 (− 0.2, 0.2) p = 0.72 |
| Corpus callosum – splenium (mm) | 3.4 (1.2) | 3.8 (1.0) | −0.3 (− 0.7, 0.1) p = 0.10 |
−0.1 (− 0.4, 0.3) p = 0.82 |
| Deep nuclear gray matter (mm2) | 1250.4 (104.1) | 1235.6 (106.2) | 8.9 (−25.0, 42.8) p = 0.61 |
12.7 (−22.7, 48.1) p = 0.48 |
| Transcerebellar diameter (mm) | 55.1 (2.9) | 55.5 (3.1) | −0.6 (−1.5, 0.3) p = 0.20 |
− 0.6 (− 1.6, 0.3) p = 0.21 |
| (b) Cerebrospinal fluid measures (mm) | ||||
| Right lateral ventricle | 6.3 (2.5) | 5.9 (1.8) | 0.4 (−0.3, 1.1) p = 0.30 |
0.4 (−0.2, 1.1) p = 0.15 |
| Left lateral ventricle | 5.9 (2.4) | 5.6 (1.8) | 0.3 (−0.5, 1.0) p = 0.47 |
0.2 (−0.4, 0.9) p = 0.44 |
| Interhemispheric distance | 3.1 (1.8) | 2.8 (1.3) | 0.2 (−0.4, 0.8) p = 0.49 |
−0.4 (−1.0, 0.1) p = 0.14 |
| (IV) Segmented brain volumes (cc) | n = 37 | n = 122 | ||
| Total brain tissue | 414.4 (37.9) | 399.7 (43.9) | 14.1 (1.9, 26.2) p = 0.02 |
6.4 (−10.1, 22.9) p = 0.45 |
| Cortical grey matter | 181.4 (17.4) | 176.0 (20.8) | 5.0 (−0.7, 10.8) p = 0.09 |
1.4 (−6.4, 9.2) p = 0.73 |
| White matter | 165.3 (15.7) | 158.2 (17.4) | 7.0 (1.8, 12.1) p = 0.008 |
4.4 (−2.4, 11.1) p = 0.20 |
| Subcortical grey matter | 31.9 (2.8) | 31.1 (3.1) | 0.7 (−0.3, 1.7) p = 0.15 | 0.1 (−1.0, 1.3) p = 0.83 |
| Cerebellum | 29.4 (3.2) | 28.1 (3.6) | 0.9 (0.1, 1.7) p = 0.04 |
0.1 (−1.2, 1.3) p = 0.93 |
| Brainstem | 6.5 (0.5) | 6.3 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) p = 0.005 |
0.1 (−0.1, 0.3) p = 0.39 |
| (V) Global MRI score | 3.6 (2.8) | 2.7 (2.3) | 0.8 (−0.1, 1.7) p = 0.06 |
0.1 (−0.7, 0.7) p = 0.98 |
Results presented as mean (standard deviation) unless specified. CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio, PLIC Posterior limb of the internal capsule, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging. aAdjusted for gestation at MRI; bAdjusted for gestation at MRI, gestation at birth, birthweight z-score, ruptured membranes > 24 h, vaginal birth, singleton, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen requirement at 36 weeks’ corrected age), necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis (culture positive or raised inflammatory markers and/or white cell count resulting in at least 5 days’ of antibiotics)