Table 8.

Typical examples of nVGDS for stem cell based tissue repair and regeneration

Chemical vector	Scaffold/matrices	Cell	DNA/RNA	References
Polyethylenimine (PEI)	None	hMSCs	pDNA-green fluorescent protein (GFP)	[166]
Nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) particles	Collagen-nanohydroxyapatite	hMSCs	Reporter miRNAs (nanomiRs)	[168]
Spermine-introduced pullulan (spermine–pullulan)	Three-dimensional scaffolds of gelatin and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP)	Rat MSCs	pDNA-Luciferase	[167]
Caged nanoparticle encapsulation (CnE) technique	Hyaluronic acid hydrogels	mMSCs	Reporter gene	[169]