Summary of findings 2. ITC compared to placebo or no treatment for malaria prevention.
| ITC compared to placebo or no treatment for malaria prevention | ||||||
| Patient or population: malaria prevention Setting: malaria‐endemic regions Intervention: ITC Comparison: placebo or no treatment | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Number of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with placebo or no treatment | Risk with ITC | |||||
| Clinical malaria: P. falciparum | 35 per 1000 | 17 per 1000 (10 to 29) | RR 0.49 (0.29 to 0.83) | 997 (2 studies) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW1,2 Due to risk of bias and imprecision |
Insecticide‐treating clothing may have a protective effect against malaria caused by P. falciparum. Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited. The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. |
| Clinical malaria: P. vivax | 116 per 1000 | 74 per 1000 (47 to 117) | RR 0.64 (0.40 to 1.01) | 997 (2 studies) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝
LOW1,2 Due to risk of bias and imprecision |
Insecticide‐treated clothing may have a protective effect against malaria caused by P. vivax. Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited. The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio; OR: odds ratio. | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||
1Downgraded by 1 for risk of bias: Soto 1995 did not describe how randomization and allocation concealment was assured; and had unclear risk of baseline bias because did not report how long soldiers in each arm were deployed to malaria endemic areas. Rowland 1999 did not describe the method used for allocation concealment. 2Downgraded by 1 for imprecision: the sample sizes and number of events are very small.