Comparison 1. Topical repellent compared to placebo or no treatment.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Clinical malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum	3	4447	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.40, 1.07]
1.1 Without LLINs	1	869	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.40 [0.23, 0.71]
1.2 With LLINS	2	3578	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.84 [0.55, 1.27]
2 Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia	4	13310	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.84 [0.64, 1.12]
2.1 Without LLINs	1	897	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.53, 1.16]
2.2 With LLINs	3	12413	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.60, 1.38]
3 Clinical malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax	2	3996	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.32 [0.99, 1.76]
3.1 Without LLINs	1	869	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.42 [1.02, 1.99]
3.2 With LLINs	1	3127	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.11 [0.64, 1.94]
4 Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia	3	9589	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.81, 1.43]
4.1 Without LLINs	1	897	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.68, 1.40]
4.2 With LLINs	2	8692	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.24 [0.78, 1.97]
5 Anaemia	1	587	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.06 [0.91, 1.23]
6 All‐cause fever	1	3496	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.35, 0.55]
7 Adherence to the intervention			Other data	No numeric data
8 Adverse events			Other data	No numeric data