Table 2.
Symptoms, Physical Examination Results, Laboratory Test Results, and Other Test Results
| Characteristic | No. of Patients | No IPVD | No. of Patients | IPVD | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | |||||
| Dyspnea, No. (%) | 81 | 15 (18.5) | 46 | 11 (23.9) | .47 |
| Borg score baseline, median (IQR) | 69 | 0 (0-0.5) | 41 | 0 (0-0.5) | .64 |
| Borg score after exercise, median (IQR) | 69 | 2 (0.5-3.0) | 41 | 2 (0.5-3) | .99 |
| Platypnea, No. (%) | 81 | 0 (0.0) | 46 | 2 (4.3) | .13 |
| Orthopnea, No. (%) | 81 | 2 (2.5) | 46 | 2 (4.3) | .62 |
| Edema, No. (%) | 81 | 33 (40.7) | 46 | 24 (52.2) | .21 |
| Palpitations, No. (%) | 81 | 5 (6.2) | 46 | 1 (2.2) | .42 |
| Syncope, No. (%) | 81 | 2 (2.5) | 46 | 0 (0.0) | .53 |
| Angina, No. (%) | 81 | 4 (4.9) | 46 | 2 (4.3) | > .99 |
| WHO functional class, No. (%) | 81 | 46 | .84 | ||
| 1 | 34 (42.0) | 19 (41.3) | |||
| 2 | 36 (44.4) | 19 (41.3) | |||
| 3 | 11 (13.6) | 8 (17.4) | |||
| Physical examination results | |||||
| Weight, median (IQR), kg | 81 | 86.1 (75.0-101.0) | 46 | 85.1 (73.2-99.1) | .54 |
| Height, median (IQR), cm | 81 | 173.0 (165.1-178.2) | 46 | 170.5 (165.0-178.8) | .40 |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 81 | 28.7 (25.4-35.6) | 46 | 28.7 (25.0-33.3) | .85 |
| Body surface area, median (IQR), m2 | 81 | 2.0 (1.9-2.2) | 46 | 2.0 (1.8-2.2) | .49 |
| Systolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 81 | 122.6 (17.6) | 46 | 122.5 (17.3) | .99 |
| Diastolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 81 | 70.3 (12.0) | 46 | 69.4 (10.0) | .65 |
| Respiratory rate, median (IQR) | 81 | 18 (13-18) | 45 | 18 (14-18) | .78 |
| Heart rate, mean (SD) | 79 | 66.0 (14.1) | 46 | 66.3 (10.6) | .88 |
| Seated oxygen saturation, median (IQR), % | 81 | 98 (97-99) | 46 | 99 (97-99) | .20 |
| Supine oxygen saturation, median (IQR), % | 81 | 98 (97-99) | 45 | 99 (97-100) | .32 |
| Clubbing, No. (%) | 81 | 4 (4.9) | 46 | 1 (2.2) | .65 |
| Spider angioma, No. (%) | 80 | 22 (27.5) | 46 | 13 (28.3) | .93 |
| Asterixis, No. (%) | 81 | 3 (3.7) | 46 | 2 (4.3) | > .99 |
| Jaundice, No. (%) | 81 | 16 (19.8) | 46 | 14 (30.4) | .17 |
| Laboratory test results, median (IQR) | |||||
| Sodium, mEq/L | 81 | 139 (135-140) | 46 | 140 (137-141) | .25 |
| BUN | 75 | 15 (12-20) | 43 | 16 (10-22) | .97 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 81 | 1.0 (1.0-1.2) | 46 | 1.0 (1.0-1.1) | .04 |
| Glucose | 81 | 103 (87-138) | 46 | 100(85-132) | .79 |
| Platelets, 1,000/μL | 80 | 93 (64-130) | 46 | 89 (59-135) | .51 |
| Hemoglobin | 81 | 12.3 (11.1-13.6) | 46 | 12.4 (10.4-13.5) | .66 |
| INR | 80 | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | 45 | 1.4 (1.2-1.5) | .008 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 80 | 3.4 (2.8-3.8) | 46 | 3.1 (2.7-3.4) | .07 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 80 | 1.2 (1.0-2.4) | 46 | 2.0 (1.5-3.9) | .004 |
| Direct bilirubin, mg/dL | 79 | 0.5 (0.2-0.9) | 46 | 0.8 (0.4-1.4) | .02 |
| Alanine aminotransferase | 80 | 49 (27-73) | 46 | 51 (27-74) | .82 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | 80 | 54 (36-87) | 46 | 67 (39-96) | .43 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 80 | 147 (109-203) | 46 | 147 (115-183) | .86 |
| Arterial blood gas | 81 | 46 | |||
| pH, mean (SD) | 7.44 (0.04) | 7.44 (0.04) | .66 | ||
| PaCO2, mean (SD), mm Hg | 36.0 (4.6) | 34.2 (4.8) | .047 | ||
| PaO2, median (IQR), mm Hg | 89.0 (82.0-96.9) | 97.9 (92.0-103.0) | < .001 | ||
| A-a gradient, median (IQR), mm Hg | 14.9 (9.0-21.8) | 9.9 (6.2-13.5) | < .001 | ||
| Spirometric results, mean (SD) | 81 | 46 | |||
| FVC, L | 3.80 (0.92) | 3.70 (0.86) | .52 | ||
| FVC, % predicted | 89.2 (12.0) | 89.3 (12.9) | .98 | ||
| FEV1, L | 2.95 (0.63) | 2.91 (0.63) | .74 | ||
| FEV1, % predicted | 90.7 (11.2) | 91.0 (11.7) | .90 | ||
| FEV1/FVC | 0.78 (0.06) | 0.79 (0.06) | .32 | ||
| FEV1/FVC, % predicted | 78.4 (5.6) | 79.5 (6.4) | .32 | ||
| Echocardiographic results | |||||
| Left atrial volume, mean (SD), mL | 69 | 71.0 (19.4) | 41 | 77.9 (23.4) | .09 |
| LV end systolic volume, median (IQR), mL | 54 | 61.5 (53.0-80.0) | 35 | 62.0 (46.0-82.0) | .73 |
| LV end diastolic volume, median (IQR), mL | 54 | 162.5 (135.0-204.0) | 35 | 160.0 (129.0-196.0) | .92 |
| RV systolic area, median (IQR), cm2 | 31 | 10.9 (9.1-13.6) | 21 | 11.9 (7.5-13.0) | .72 |
| RV diastolic area, median (IQR), cm2 | 36 | 21.7 (16.5-26.5) | 26 | 21.0 (14.6-24.7) | .34 |
| Stroke volume, mean (SD), mL | 74 | 87.7 (26.6) | 43 | 91.8 (22.5) | .39 |
| Stroke volume index, mean (SD), mL/m2 | 74 | 43.7 (11.7) | 43 | 46.1 (10.5) | .27 |
| Cardiac output, median (IQR), L/min | 74 | 5.5 (4.5-6.5) | 43 | 6.2 (4.5-6.9) | .20 |
| Cardiac index, mean (SD), L/min/m2 | 74 | 2.8 (0.7) | 43 | 3.0 (0.7) | .15 |
| Ejection fraction, mean (SD), % | 81 | 62.3 (6.2) | 46 | 63.4 (6.7) | .39 |
| Right atrial pressure, median (IQR), mm Hg | 81 | 5 (5-10) | 46 | 5 (5-10) | .90 |
| RVSP, median (IQR), mm Hg | 50 | 28 (24-34) | 34 | 30 (24-37) | .38 |
| TAPSE, median (IQR), mm | 59 | 25 (21-29) | 39 | 26 (24-32) | .10 |
| Visual RV function, No. (%) | 81 | 46 | .30 | ||
| Normal | 76 (93.8) | 46 (100.0) | |||
| Mild dysfunction | 4 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Indeterminate | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Exercise capacity | 69 | 41 | |||
| 6-min walk distance, mean (SD), m | 432.4 (88.5) | 414.7 (109.9) | .36 | ||
| Quality of life (SF-36) | 80 | 46 | |||
| Physical component summary, mean (SD) | 37.3 (10.3) | 34.8 (11.3) | .21 | ||
| Physical role, median (IQR) | 50 (25-75) | 44 (25-75) | .37 | ||
| Physical functioning, median (IQR) | 65 (38-85) | 50 (35-75) | .30 | ||
| Bodily pain, median (IQR) | 52 (37-74) | 51 (41-74) | .89 | ||
| General health perception, median (IQR) | 40 (25-67) | 36 (22-52) | .19 | ||
| Mental component summary, median (IQR) | 48.8 (39.6-55.0) | 49.7 (40.3-56.6) | .63 | ||
| Emotional role, median (IQR) | 67 (42-100) | 67 (50-100) | .39 | ||
| Social functioning, median (IQR) | 63 (38-94) | 63 (50-88) | .98 | ||
| Mental health, median (IQR) | 75 (58-90) | 75 (60-85) | .93 | ||
| Vitality, median (IQR) | 44 (25-66) | 38 (25-56) | .56 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) for normally distributed continuous variables, median (IQR) for nonnormally distributed continuous variables, or No. (%). Percentages may not sum to 100% because of rounding. A-a = alveolar-arterial; INR = international normalized ratio; LV = left ventricular; RV = right ventricular; RVSP = right ventricular systolic pressure; SF-36 = 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; WHO = World Health Organization. See Table 1 legend for expansion of other abbreviations.