Table 5.
Symptoms, Physical Examination Results, Laboratory Test Results, and Other Test Results in Patients With and Those Without IPVD, Excluding Patients With an Elevated A-a Gradient From the Group Without IPVD
| Characteristic | No. of Patients | No IPVD | No. of Patients | IPVD | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | |||||
| Dyspnea, No. (%) | 43 | 4 (9.3) | 46 | 11 (23.9) | .09 |
| Borg score baseline, median (IQR) | 36 | 0 (0-1) | 41 | 0 (0-0.5) | .78 |
| Borg score after exercise, median (IQR) | 36 | 1.5 (0.5-3) | 41 | 2 (0.5-3) | .79 |
| Platypnea, No. (%) | 43 | 0 (0.0) | 46 | 2 (4.3) | .49 |
| Orthopnea, No. (%) | 43 | 0 (0.0) | 46 | 2 (4.3) | .49 |
| Edema, No. (%) | 43 | 18 (41.9) | 46 | 24 (52.2) | .33 |
| Palpitations, No. (%) | 43 | 2 (4.7) | 46 | 1 (2.2) | .61 |
| Syncope, No. (%) | 43 | 2 (4.7) | 46 | 0 (0.0) | .23 |
| Angina, No. (%) | 43 | 1 (2.3) | 46 | 2 (4.3) | > .99 |
| WHO functional class, No. (%) | 43 | 46 | .67 | ||
| 1 | 21 (48.8) | 19 (41.3) | |||
| 2 | 17 (39.5) | 19 (41.3) | |||
| 3 | 5 (11.6) | 8 (17.4) | |||
| Physical examination results | |||||
| Weight, median (IQR), kg | 43 | 82.1 (72.1-96.0) | 46 | 85.1 (73.2-99.1) | .70 |
| Height, median (IQR), cm | 43 | 174.4 (165.1-178.2) | 46 | 170.5 (165.0-178.8) | .45 |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 43 | 26.9 (24.8-33.1) | 46 | 28.7 (25.0-33.3) | .47 |
| Body surface area, median (IQR), m2 | 43 | 1.9 (1.8-2.1) | 46 | 2.0 (1.8-2.2) | > .99 |
| Systolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 43 | 124.1 (16.9) | 46 | 122.5 (17.3) | .66 |
| Diastolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 43 | 72.7 (11.9) | 46 | 69.4 (10.0) | .16 |
| Respiratory rate median (IQR), | 43 | 18 (13-18) | 45 | 18 (14-18) | .92 |
| Heart rate, mean (SD) | 42 | 63.1 (12.7) | 46 | 66.3 (10.6) | .21 |
| Seated oxygen saturation, median (IQR), % | 43 | 98 (97-99) | 46 | 99 (97-99) | .94 |
| Supine oxygen saturation, median (IQR), % | 43 | 99 (98-100) | 45 | 99 (97-100) | .62 |
| Clubbing, No. (%) | 43 | 2 (4.7) | 46 | 1 (2.2) | .61 |
| Spider angioma, No. (%) | 42 | 10 (23.8) | 46 | 13 (28.3) | .64 |
| Asterixis, No. (%) | 43 | 2 (4.7) | 46 | 2 (4.3) | > .99 |
| Jaundice, No. (%) | 43 | 8 (18.6) | 46 | 14 (30.4) | .20 |
| Laboratory test results, median (IQR) | |||||
| Sodium, mEq/L | 43 | 139 (136-141) | 46 | 140 (137-141) | .43 |
| BUN | 42 | 15 (12-21) | 43 | 16 (10-22) | .79 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 43 | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 46 | 1.0 (1.0-1.1) | .02 |
| Glucose | 43 | 100 (81-131) | 46 | 100 (85-132) | .48 |
| Platelets, 1,000/μL | 43 | 96 (64-164) | 46 | 89 (59-135) | .18 |
| Hemoglobin | 43 | 12.5 (11.1-13.6) | 46 | 12.4 (10.4-13.5) | .62 |
| INR | 43 | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | 45 | 1.4 (1.2-1.5) | .01 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 43 | 3.5 (2.8-4.0) | 46 | 3.1 (2.7-3.4) | .07 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 43 | 1.1 (1.0-2.1) | 46 | 2.0 (1.5-3.9) | .008 |
| Direct bilirubin, mg/dL | 42 | 0.5 (0.2-0.9) | 46 | 0.8 (0.4-1.4) | .06 |
| Alanine aminotransferase | 43 | 46 (27-76) | 46 | 51 (27-74) | .83 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | 43 | 54 (35-84) | 46 | 67 (39-96) | .39 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 43 | 150 (106-234) | 46 | 147 (115-183) | .61 |
| Arterial blood gas | 43 | 46 | |||
| pH, mean (SD) | 7.42 (0.04) | 7.44 (0.04) | .10 | ||
| PaCO2, mean (SD), mm Hg | 36.6 (4.3) | 34.2 (4.8) | .02 | ||
| PaO2, median (IQR), mm Hg | 94 (90-101) | 98 (92-103) | .10 | ||
| A-a gradient, median (IQR), mm Hg | 9.4 (4.6-12.5) | 9.9 (6.2-13.5) | .70 | ||
| Spirometric results, mean (SD) | 43 | 46 | |||
| FVC, L | 3.83 (0.92) | 3.70 (0.86) | .49 | ||
| FVC, % predicted | 89.9 (13.8) | 89.3 (12.9) | .82 | ||
| FEV1, L | 2.96 (0.59) | 2.91 (0.63) | .73 | ||
| FEV1, % predicted | 91.0 (11.1) | 91.0 (11.7) | .99 | ||
| FEV1/FVC | 0.78 (0.06) | 0.79 (0.06) | .37 | ||
| FEV1/FVC, % predicted | 78.3 (6.1) | 79.5 (6.4) | .38 | ||
| Echocardiographic results | |||||
| Left atrial volume, median (IQR), mL | 38 | 64 (54-79) | 41 | 71 (62-92) | .04 |
| LV end systolic volume, median (IQR), mL | 31 | 61.0 (55.0-84.0) | 35 | 62.0 (46.0-82.0) | .59 |
| LV end diastolic volume, median (IQR), mL | 31 | 156.0 (135.0-209.0) | 35 | 160.0 (129.0-196.0) | .72 |
| RV systolic area, median (IQR), cm2 | 16 | 11.1 (10.0-16.1) | 21 | 11.9 (7.5-13.0) | .30 |
| RV diastolic area, median (IQR), cm2 | 20 | 21.8 (18.4-27.0) | 26 | 21.0 (14.6-24.7) | .40 |
| Stroke volume, mean (SD), mL | 40 | 81.7 (20.6) | 43 | 91.8 (22.5) | .04 |
| Stroke volume index, median (IQR), mL/m2 | 40 | 42.4 (36.1-47.9) | 43 | 42.7 (39.0-55.0) | .08 |
| Cardiac output, median (IQR), L/min | 40 | 5.2 (3.8-5.9) | 43 | 6.2 (4.5-6.9) | .004 |
| Cardiac index, mean (SD), L/min/m2 | 40 | 2.6 (2.1-2.9) | 43 | 3.0 (2.4-3.6) | .004 |
| Ejection fraction, mean (SD) % | 43 | 61.5 (7.2) | 46 | 63.4 (6.7) | .21 |
| Right atrial pressure, median (IQR), mm Hg | 43 | 5 (5-10) | 46 | 5 (5-10) | .85 |
| RVSP, median (IQR), mm Hg | 26 | 27 (24-34) | 34 | 30 (24-37) | .38 |
| TAPSE, median (IQR), mm | 37 | 25 (22-29) | 39 | 26 (24-32) | .15 |
| Visual RV function, No. (%) | 43 | 46 | .11 | ||
| Normal | 40 (93.0) | 46 (100.0) | |||
| Mild dysfunction | 3 (7.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Exercise capacity | 36 | 41 | |||
| 6-min walk distance, mean (SD), m | 441.1 (80.2) | 414.7 (109.9) | .24 | ||
| Quality of life (SF-36), median (IQR) | 43 | 46 | |||
| Physical component summary | 38.6 (30.9-45.9) | 32.7 (26.8-40.8) | .11 | ||
| Physical functioning | 65 (30-85) | 50 (35-75) | .25 | ||
| Physical role | 56 (38-75) | 44 (25-75) | .14 | ||
| Bodily pain | 51 (41-72) | 51 (41-74) | .93 | ||
| General health | 52 (25-77) | 36 (22-52) | .10 | ||
| Mental component summary | 49.4 (41.6-54.7) | 49.7 (40.3-56.6) | .93 | ||
| Emotional role | 67 (50-92) | 67 (50-100) | .45 | ||
| Social functioning | 63 (38-100) | 63 (50-88) | .76 | ||
| Mental health | 75 (60-90) | 75 (60-85) | .54 | ||
| Vitality | 50 (31-69) | 38 (25-56) | .09 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) for normally distributed continuous variables, median (IQR) for nonnormally distributed continuous variables, or No. (%). Percentages may not sum to 100% because of rounding. See Table 2 legend for expansion of abbreviations.