TABLE 3.

Subgroups other than those included in meta-analysis for studies that analyzed outcomes in multiple different groups based on criteria for defining electrodes overlying language sites on ESM, tasks used for language mapping, and brain lobes.

Study	Criteria for subgroups	Subgroups	Sensitivity	Specificity
Arya, 2015	Definition of ESM+	Only naming deficits	0.83	0.63
		Only oral motor	1.00	0.69
		Either	0.89	0.63
Arya, 2017	Hemisphere, definition of ESM+, task (overt or covert) used for ECoG HGM	LH, overt, ESM+ either naming/oral motor	0.47	0.81
		LH, overt, ESM+ only naming	0.40	0.76
		LH, covert, ESM+ either naming/oral motor	0.14	0.91
		LH, covert, ESM+ only naming	0.05	0.87
		RH, overt, ESM+ only oral motor	0.44	0.81
		RH, overt, ESM+ only oral motor	0.20	0.96
Bauer, 2013	Task used for ECoG HGM	Speaking (retrospective 90 s epochs)	0.22	0.82
		Listening (retrospective 90 s epochs)	0.17	0.83
		Verb generation (overt = 6, covert = 1)	0.16	0.88
		Picture naming	0.21	0.9
Kojima, 2012	Brain lobe	Left temporal lobe	0.91	0.61
		Left frontal lobe	0.83	0.64
Miller, 2011	Task used for ESM	Noun reading	0.89	0.66
		Verb generation	0.74	0.48
Ogawa, 2017	Task used for ECoG HGM	Picture naming	0.90	0.90
		Word reading (Kanji, Hiragana)	0.89	0.89
Ruescher, 2013	Definition of ESM+	Only oral motor	0.22	0.97
		Only speech difficulties	0.00	0.94
Sinai, 2005	Definition of ESM+	Only naming	0.38	0.78
		Oral motor	0.46	0.81
		Either	0.43	0.84
Wang, 2016	Task used for ECoG HGM	Picture naming	0.63	0.81
		Word repetition	0.76	0.86
		Overall	0.70	0.84

(ECoG electro-corticography; ESM electrical stimulation mapping; HGM high-gamma modulation; LH left hemisphere; RH right hemisphere)