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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Spine J. 2017 Oct 12;18(2):343–356. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.09.018

Figure 2. Macrophage markers were evaluated in human cadaveric IVDs of low, moderate, and high degenerative grades.

Figure 2

(A) Representative human IVDs with Rutges degeneration scale indicating low (grades 0–3), moderate (grades 4–6), and high (grades 8–10) degenerative grades. With (B) representative expression of macrophage phenotype markers CCR7 (M1), CD163 (M2c), and CD206 (M2a). CCR7+, CD163+, and CD206+ cells were identified in all moderate and high degeneration IVDs, while little or no positive staining was identified in low degeneration IVDs. Scale bar = 50 μm.