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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Spine J. 2017 Oct 12;18(2):343–356. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.09.018

Figure 7. Macrophage phenotype markers were observed in unhealthy areas in the NP, AF, and EP regions of IVDs with moderate and high degeneration.

Figure 7

Unhealthy areas were identified as irregularities and obvious defects in extracellular matrix organization and cellular distribution patterns including proximity to tears, cracks and ruptures, granulation-like tissue, irregularities in collagen fiber orientation, cell clustering and cells with irregular size, shape or organization pattern. Scale bar (in unboxed images) = 50 μm, (in boxed images) = 25 μm. VB = vertebral bone.