Table 1.
Mammalian kinome and phosphoresidues. The table indicates which kinase family is involved in phosphorylation for a specific amino acid residue (Ser, Thr, Tyr and His). The “X” indicates known substrates and “-” means that the family does not phosphorylate this residue or that no substrates have been defined yet. ND for non-determined. The RGC group (Receptor Guanylate Cyclase kinases) only catalyze Mg2+-dependent autophosphorylation on Ser and Thr. PKL (Protein Kinase-Like) and HK (Histidine Kinases) were previously grouped into the atypical kinase, group but are now recognized as a separate group. PKL groups the protein kinase fold with similar catalytic mechanisms as eukaryotic protein kinases that are not in the 9 other groups.
| Phosphoresidue | Non-redundant mammalian phosphorylation sites | Mammalian kinome families | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TKL | AGC | CMGC | TK | STE | CK1 | CAMK | RGC | PKL | HK | ||
| pSer | 169 509 (60%) | X | X | X | - | X | X | X | X | - | ? |
| pThr | 70 075 (25%) | X | X | X | - | X | X | X | - | - | ? |
| pTyr | 44 130 (15%) | - | - | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | ? |
| pHis | ND | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | X |
| ~518 kinases (including atypical kinases) | |||||||||||