Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients undergoing tracheotomy at a PHIS hospital between 2007 and 2013 with at least one follow-up status for any visit (emergency room, ambulatory surgery or inpatient/observation hospitalization; n=8,009)
| Variable | Total N (%) | No bRTI readmission (n=5110) |
bRTI readmission (n=2899) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 3391 (42.3%) | 2158 (42.2%) | 1233 (42.5%) | 0.79 |
| Male | 4618 (57.7%) | 2952 (57.8%) | 1666 (57.5%) | |
| Admission Age | ||||
| < 30 days | 1979 (24.7%) | 1209 (23.7%) | 770 (26.6%) | < 0.001 |
| 30 days to 12 months | 2736 (34.2%) | 1659 (32.5%) | 1077 (37.2%) | |
| 1 to 4 years | 1465 (18.3%) | 904 (17.7%) | 561 (19.4%) | |
| 5 to 12 years | 918 (11.5%) | 627 (12.3%) | 291 (10%) | |
| 13 to 17 years | 911 (11.4%) | 711 (13.9%) | 200 (6.9%) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 3873 (48.4%) | 2623 (51.3%) | 1250 (43.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1703 (21.3%) | 1062 (20.8%) | 641 (22.1%) | |
| Hispanic | 1388 (17.3%) | 730 (14.3%) | 658 (22.7%) | |
| Other | 1045 (13%) | 695 (13.6%) | 350 (12.1%) | |
| Payer | ||||
| Private | 2482 (31%) | 1757 (34.4%) | 725 (25%) | < 0.001 |
| Government | 4940 (61.7%) | 2980 (58.3%) | 1960 (67.6%) | |
| Other Payer | 587 (7.3%) | 373 (7.3%) | 214 (7.4%) | |
| Discharge Location | ||||
| To home | 6164 (77%) | 3886 (76%) | 2278 (78.6%) | 0.01 |
| To post-acute care | 1845 (23%) | 1224 (24%) | 621 (21.4%) | |
| Discharge Season | ||||
| January–March | 1952 (24.4%) | 1202 (23.5%) | 750 (25.9%) | 0.10 |
| April–June | 2046 (25.5%) | 1306 (25.6%) | 740 (25.5%) | |
| July–September | 1898 (23.7%) | 1228 (24%) | 670 (23.1%) | |
| October–December | 2113 (26.4%) | 1374 (26.9%) | 739 (25.5%) | |
| Complex Chronic Conditions (CCC) | ||||
| 0 | 223 (2.8%) | 194 (3.8%) | 29 (1%) | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 758 (9.5%) | 590 (11.5%) | 168 (5.8%) | |
| 2 | 1433 (17.9%) | 934 (18.3%) | 499 (17.2%) | |
| 3 or more | 5595 (69.9%) | 3392 (66.4%) | 2203 (76%) | |
| Specific CCCs | ||||
| Technology dependency | 7112 (88.8%) | 4456 (87.2%) | 2656 (91.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory | 6185 (77.2%) | 3872 (75.8%) | 2313 (79.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal | 5621 (70.2%) | 3378 (66.1%) | 2243 (77.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Neurologic and neuromuscular | 3280 (41%) | 1914 (37.5%) | 1366 (47.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular | 3060 (38.2%) | 1929 (37.7%) | 1131 (39%) | 0.26 |
| Other congenital or genetic defect | 2623 (32.8%) | 1574 (30.8%) | 1049 (36.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Neonatal | 2070 (25.8%) | 1253 (24.5%) | 817 (28.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Renal and urologic | 1066 (13.3%) | 693 (13.6%) | 373 (12.9%) | 0.38 |
| Metabolic | 935 (11.7%) | 581 (11.4%) | 354 (12.2%) | 0.26 |
| Hematology and immunodeficiency | 534 (6.7%) | 346 (6.8%) | 188 (6.5%) | 0.62 |
| Malignancy | 440 (5.5%) | 327 (6.4%) | 113 (3.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Transplantation | 167 (2.1%) | 133 (2.6%) | 34 (1.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Any Cardiac Surgery | 806 (10.1%) | 503 (9.8%) | 303 (10.5%) | 0.38 |
| Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS) Score | ||||
| RACHS Score unassigned | 285 (3.6%) | 174 (3.4%) | 111 (3.8%) | 0.78 |
| Lower risk (1 through 3) | 361 (4.5%) | 226 (4.4%) | 135 (4.7%) | |
| Higher risk (4 through 6) | 160 (2%) | 103 (2%) | 57 (2%) | |
| Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Tracheotomy | ||||
| Chronic Lung Disease | 3904 (48.7%) | 2390 (46.8%) | 1514 (52.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Neurologic | 3762 (47%) | 2214 (43.3%) | 1548 (53.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Upper Airway Obstruction | 2989 (37.3%) | 1834 (35.9%) | 1155 (39.8%) | < 0.001 |
| History of Prematurity | 1353 (16.9%) | 844 (16.5%) | 509 (17.6%) | 0.23 |
| Trauma | 519 (6.5%) | 380 (7.4%) | 139 (4.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Other Underlying Medical Conditions | ||||
| Gastrostomy tube | 5272 (65.8%) | 3158 (61.8%) | 2114 (72.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Gastrostomy tube diagnosis code | 2232 (27.9%) | 1295 (25.3%) | 937 (32.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Gastrostomy tube procedure code | 3792 (47.3%) | 2323 (45.5%) | 1469 (50.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Ventilator dependency | 1826 (22.8%) | 1122 (22%) | 704 (24.3%) | 0.02 |