Table 3.
Clinical characteristics independently associated with high-dose opioid use.
| Correlate | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| 18–29 (reference) | 1.0 | Reference | NA |
| 30–39 | 1.9 | 1.3–2.9 | 0.0025 |
| 40–49 | 2.6 | 1.7–3.9 | <0.0001 |
| 50+ | 2.7 | 1.7–4.2 | <0.0001 |
| Gender (M vs. F) | 1.4 | 1.0–1.9 | 0.03780 |
| Hydroxyurea user | 3.9 | 2.8–5.5 | <0.0001 |
| NSAID user | 2.0 | 1.4–2.7 | <0.0001 |
| Inpatient hospitalizations | |||
| 0 admissions (reference) | 1.0 | Reference | NA |
| 1 admissions | 1.7 | 1.1–2.6 | 0.0132 |
| 2+ admissions | 4.7 | 3.2–6.9 | <0.0001 |
| Emergency department visits | |||
| 0 ED visits (reference) | 1.0 | Reference | NA |
| 1–2 ED visits | 1.2 | 0.8–1.7 | 0.3395 |
| 3+ ED visits | 1.6 | 1.1–2.4 | 0.0258 |
| Transfusion history | 1.4 | 0.9–2.1 | 0.1004 |
Multivariate logistic regression was performed based on opioid dose category.