Table 1.

Water quality parameters from polluted area of River Chenab (Means ± SE).

Sites	Physicochemical parameters of river water*
	Cadmium mg L−1	Copper mg L−1	Manganese mg L−1	Zinc mg L−1
	D: 0.01 mg/L, P: **	D: 0.05 mg/L, P: 1.5 mg/L	D: 0.1 mg/L, P: 0.3 mg/L	D: 5 mg/L, P: 15 mg/L
R1	0.183 ± 0.005b	1.670 ± 0.021a	2.12 ± 0.025a	0.344 ± 0.003a
R2	0.182 ± 0.001b	1.622 ± 0.038a	2.02 ± 0.037ab	0.339 ± 0.002b
R3	0.180 ± 0.003b	1.557 ± 0.020c	1.86 ± 0.040c	0.331 ± 0.003c
	Lead mg L−1 D: 0.05 mg/L, P: **	Chromium mg L−1 D: 0.05 mg/L, P: **	Tin mg L−1 D: 0.01 mg/L, P: **	Mercury mg L−1 D: 0.001 mg/L, P: **
R1	2.043 ± 0.014c	0.527 ± 0.023a	0.436 ± 0.009c	1.079 ± 0.044a
R2	1.749 ± 0.094b	0.431 ± 0.011b	0.379 ± 0.008c	1.067 ± 0.016a
R3	1.729 ± 0.035b	0.357 ± 0.013c	0.366 ± 0.011b	0.912 ± 0.020b
	Phenols mg L−1	Sulfates mg L−1	BOD mg L−1	COD mg L−1
	D: 0.001 mg/L, P: 0.002 mg/L	D: 200 mg/L, P: 400 mg/L	D†: 30 mg/L, P: **	D†: 250 mg/L, P: **
R1	2.19 ± 0.012a	435.00 ± 2.717a	78.56 ± 1.22a	195.43 ± 1.48a
R2	1.91 ± 0.014b	420.71 ± 1.409b	67.47 ± 1.90b	183.00 ± 2.88b
R3	1.80 ± 0.018b	410.57 ± 4.407c	55.43 ± 1.04c	174.00 ± 1.40c
	pH	TDS mg L−1	Salinity mg L−1	Conductivity mS/m
	D: 6.5–8.5, P: **	D: 500 mg/L, P: 2000 mg/L	P: <100 mg/L	D:650 µS/cm, P: 1055 µS/cm
R1	10.39 ± 0.103b	2397.86 ± 121.24a	1942.86 ± 20.20a	3.17 ± 0.061b
R2	10.30 ± 0.022bc	2269.00 ± 111.31b	1771.43 ± 18.44b	3.08 ± 0.041b
R3	10.06 ± 0.087a	2071.14 ± 90.26c	1414.29 ± 14.29c	2.81 ± 0.061c

Means sharing similar letter in column belonging to particular parameter are statistically non-significant (P > .05). R1-R3; Three different polluted experimental sites of River Chenab upstream to Trimu Head, COD; Chemical Oxygen demand, BOD; Biochemical Oxygen demand.

^*Values were determined in the summer season when there is considerable dilution of the river water by rain and glacier waters.

^**No relaxation. D; Desirable limits. P; Permissible limits.

^†Effluent inland surface water quality standards.