Table 4.
Studies on infants using long-term NIV reporting hospitalization and mortality outcomes.
| First author, year, country | Study design | Primary diagnosis | Infants using NIV | Age, mean ± SD or med (range) | NIV type | Hospitalization (per infant/year unless otherwise stated) |
Mortality (% of total infants unless otherwise stated) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supportive care | NIV | IMV | Supportive care | NIV | IMV | ||||||
| Bach (46), 2007, USA | R; Obs: cohort | SMA1 | n = 47 | 10.6 ± 5.7 months | BPAP | 1.58 | 0.37† | 100 | 17 | 19 | |
| Bach (44), 2002, USA | R; Obs: case series | SMA1 | n = 33 | 11.2 ± 5.7 months | BPAP | 1.53 | 0.58* | 100 | 6 | 6 | |
| Gregoretti (51), 2013, Italy | R; Obs: case series | SMA1 | n = 31 | 12.6 ± 14.4 months | BPAP | 0.023 | 0.006 | 93 | 45 | 17 | |
| Ottonello (54), 2011, Italy | R; Obs: cohort | SMA1 | n = 16 | 10.4 ± 6.2 months | BPAP | 0.15 | 13 | ||||
| Bach (43), 2000, USA | R; Obs: case series | SMA1 | n = 8 | 3–28 months | BPAP | 13 | |||||
| Birnkrant (48), 1998, USA | R; Obs: case series | SMA1 | n = 3 | 4–9 months | BPAP | 100 | |||||
| Chatwin (49), 2011, UK | R; Obs: cohort | SMA1 | n = 13 | 11 months (4–24 months) | BPAP | 38 | |||||
| Vasconcelos (56), 2005, Portugal | R; Obs: cohort | SMA1 | n = 7 | 13 months (3 months to 3 years) | BPAP | 71 | |||||
| Lemoine (53), 2012, USA | R; Obs: cohort | SMA1 | n = 26 | 136 days (54–196) | BPAP | 46% | 83% | NIV group had a significantly longer survival than supportive care group (p = 0.047, reported narratively) | |||
| First author, year, country | Study design | Primary diagnosis | Infants using NIV | Age, mean ± SD or med (range) | NIV type | Length of hospital stay [mean ± SD or med (range)] | Mortality (% of total infants) | ||||
| No ventilation | NIV | IMV | |||||||||
| Leboulanger (36), 2010, France | P; Obs: case Series | PRS | n = 7 | 2 months (1–10 months) | CPAP (n = 5) BPAP (n = 2) |
||||||
| Amaddeo (31), 2016, France | R; Obs: cohort | PRS | n = 9 | 0–2 months | CPAP | 1 month (20–40 days) | 2 months (6 weeks to 4 months) | ||||
| Kam (35), 2015, Canada | R; Obs: cohort | PRS | n = 20 | 23 months (5 days to 8 years) | CPAP | 28 ± 24 days | 66 ± 46 days | 138 ± 76 days† | NR | ||
| First author, year, country | Study design | Primary diagnosis | Infants using NIV | Age, mean ± SD or med (range) | NIV type | Hospitalization (per infant/year or % of total) | Mortality (% of total infants) | ||||
| McNamara (27), 1995, Australia | P, Obs: cohort | OSA | n = 5 | 8–12 weeks | CPAP | – | 0% | ||||
| First author, year, country | Study design | Primary diagnosis | Infants using NIV | Age, mean ± SD or med (range) | NIV type |
Length of hospital stay [mean ± SD or med (range)] |
Mortality | ||||
| No ventilation | NIV | IMV | |||||||||
| Garcia Teresa (60), 2017, Spain | P, Obs: cross-sectional | CHS | n/a | 11.35 (5 months to 28.6 years) | NIV | 91 ± 51 days | 319 ± 336 days** | n = 2 infants | |||
BPAP, bi-level positive airway pressure; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; Obs, observational study; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; P, prospective; PRS, Pierre Robin sequence; R, retrospective; SMA1, spinal muscular atrophy type 1.
*p < 0.05.
**p < 0.01.
†p < 0.001.