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. 2018 Feb 12;5:6. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00006

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Copyright © 2018 Bowtell, Mohr, Fulford, Jackman, Ermidis, Krustrup and Mileva.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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EMG responses to motor cortical stimulation in fresh and fatigued musculus vastus medialis. Population average (±SEM, n = 9) peak-to-peak amplitude (A,B) and total area (C,D) of the motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were calculated from the EMG responses evoked by the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex area affiliated with the lower limb muscles and normalized to the respective parameters of the maximal compound muscle action potentials (Mmax) evoked during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) by suprathreshold (130% Mmax) femoral nerve stimulation. The motor cortex was stimulated during low (5% MVC) and maximal (100% MVC) voluntary contractions performed before (PreEx) and after (PostEx) the completion of the exercise protocol to task failure. The exercise was conducted 1 h after ingestion of either caffeine (filled bars) or placebo (empty bars) supplement. At each stimulation point, five single TMS pulses were delivered at suprathreshold intensity (120% of the active motor threshold identified at a muscular contraction of 5% MVC strength); post hoc p < 0.05: ^§condition effect.