Fig. 1.

(Top) Atom in the cavity emitting photons into the longitudinal cavity mode as well as noncavity vertical modes. Two TF-resolved detectors outside of the cavity register noncavity modes photon coincidence events. One photon number-resolving detector on the main optical axis measures photon number of the cavity mode photons. (Middle Left) Fock states. (Middle Right) Time evolution of the dressed atom plus cavity (polariton) states of the JC subject to the coupling Eq. 2. Vertical black dashed lines represent transition between different ladder states captured by spectroscopic measurements. (Bottom) Time evolution of the atom–cavity mode coupling $\lambda (t)$ (black line) and population inversion ${⟨{\sigma }_z(t)⟩}^{\prime }$ Eq. 3 (red line) for an atom initially in the excited state with cavity mode being initially in the vacuum state.