Table 3.
A summary of the single cell analysis/applications using HSI modalities
| Medical application | Study | Cell-line used | Equipment and mode | Software | Spectral range | Band/spectral wavelength | Resoln. | Label | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer's disease | Amyloid aggregates | Human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y | CytoViva Hyperspectral Microscope -Transmission | ENVI 4.4 | 400–1000 nm | 450–580 nm | 2.5 nm | No external labelInternal- N-terminal fluorescein isothiocyanate | [14] |
| Epigenetic screening (gene expression and genome stability) | Quantity of 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) | Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7, primary glioblastoma multiforme cell line SF767, and cervical cancer cell line HeLa | Home-built: Olympus BX51; CytoViva Condenser; CCD Spectrograph | NA | 350–900 nm | AuNPs 537-555 nm & AgNPs 419 nm | 0.5 nm | 30 nm Au & 20 nm Ag nanoparticles functionalized with anti-body | [12] |
| RBC | 8 Erythrocyte constituents | EDTA treated whole blood | CytoViva Hyperspectral Microscope | ENVI 4.4 | 400–1000 nm | 500–675 nm | 2 nm | No label | [13] |
| Parkinson's disease | Cellular iron | Neuroblastoma dopaminergic cells (SHSY5Y) | CytoViva Hyperspectral Imager | CytoViva Imaging, t-test SPSS19 | 600 nm | Near 500 nm | 40–90 nm | No external labelInternal label- Fe2+ to Fe3+ | [18] |
| Pigment localization and organization | Chlorophyll, phycobilins, and carotenoids | Cyanobacterium synechocystis PC 6803 | Hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy, 488 nm Laser | Matlab, C++ | 500–800 nm | 500–750 nm | 1–500 nm and 3–800 nm | PC, APC and APC-B | [20] |
| White blood cells (WBC) | Active and Inactive neutrophils differentiation | Neutrophil granulocytes | CytoViva Hyperspectral Microscope | ENVI 4.4 | 400–1000 nm | 520 nm, 600 nm, 620 nm | 2.5 nm | No label | [19] |
| Cancer diagnosis | Differentiating noncancerous and cancerous cells | Noncancerous human fibroblasts, cervical cells, squamous cells, carcinoma cells | Nikon Eclipse 800, V100 Hyperspectral Camera System | ITD Hyper-Visual Software | 400–1000 nm | 470–690 nm | 2.5 nm | Hematoxylin and eosin | [76] |
| Dynamic imaging of live cells | Trafficking mechanisms of the epidermal growth factor receptor | A431 keratinocytes | Leica DM6000 and SPOT Pursuit XS Camera | C++ | 450–750 nm | 531–561 nm, 554–594 nm, 553–641 nm | — | Anti-EGFR Gold nanoparticles | [77] |
| Novel antifungal agents | Detecting antifungal efficacy of metal nanoparticle | Candida albicans cells and hyphae | Cytoviva Hyperspectral Microscope And Leitz LaborLux S Flourescence Microscope | AutoQuant X software v 2.0 | 400–100 nm | — | 90–100 nm | Metal nanoparticles | [78] |
| Cancer diagnosis | 3D Imaging of localized surface Anti-bodies | MDA-MB-231 cells (human Breast cancer cell-line) | Nikon Eclipse Ti Microscope with ORCA-R2 Camera | LabView | 400–1000 nm | 563–575 nm | 2.5 nm | Anti-CD44-PEG conjugated gold nanoparticles | [79] |
| Cellular imaging and therapy in cancer and atherosclerosis | Uptake of supra-magnetic nanoclusters by macrophages | Macrophages | PARISS Hyperspectral Imaging System | — | 300–780 nm | 532 nm, 730 nm, 755 nm | 2.5 nm | Iron oxide and gold nanoclusters | [80] |
| Cellular imaging applications | Cytotoxicity reduction of CTAB-Gold Nanorods using pluronic | Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell-line | Nikon Eclipse 80i with Hyperspectral Camera Module | — | 400–800 nm | 600–700 nm | — | Pluronic coated CTAB-Gold Nanorods | [81] |
| Ultrasensitive bio imaging applications | Gold Nano spheres and Gold Nanorods formulations | Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line | Nikon Eclipse 80i with hyperspectral Camera Module | Spectral Cube And ENVI 4.6+IDL 7.0 | 400–1000 nm | 400–550 nm, 550–700 nm | 2.8 nm | Anti-EGFR Antibody-conjugated Gold Nanospheres and Gold Nanorods | [82] |
| Sugar beet diseases | The detection of Cercospora leaf-spot, powdery mildew and sugar beet rust | Sugar beet leaves | Optical Microscope with ImSpector V10E | Spectral cube and ENVI 4.6+IDL 7.0 | 400–1000 nm | 400–550 nm, 550–700 nm | 2.5 nm | No label | [83] |
| Photo-thermal tumor ablation | Irradiation of nano-aggregates to produce heat killing cancer cells | MDA-MB-231 cells | Cytoviva Hyperspectral System | ENVI 4.4 | 400–1000 nm | 550 nm, 785 nm | 2.5 nm | Nanoparticles | [84] |
| Oxygenation and hypoxia in tumor growth and angiogenesis | Micro-vascular tumor oxygen transport | 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells | Zeiss Axioskop 2 | LabVIEW | 400–720 nm | 500–575 nm, 580–630 nm | — | GFP and RFP | [45] |
| Breast tumor diagnosis | Distinguish between tumor and normal tissues | Rat mammary gland tumor cells | MHSI Workstation with Kodak CCD | MATLAB and SAS version 9 | 450–700 nm | — | 10 nm, 5 nm between 500-600 nm | No label | [33] |
| Semi-quantitative Analysis of Hyperspectral Imaging | Synthetic nanoparticle uptake by Protozoa | Tetrahymena thermophila | Cytoviva Hyperspectral Microscope with dual mode fluorescence (DMF) | ENVI 4.8, R version 3.01, and ANOVA | 400–1000 nm | 521–547 nm, 641–677 nm, 635–651 nm, 660–710 nm, 432 nm, 791–829 nm | 2.5 nm | Au, Ag, TiO2, CuO nanoparticles | [85] |
| Prostate cancer detection | Classification of prostate tumor tissue | CWR22 cancer cells | CRi Camera Systems | LS-SVM | 450–950 nm | — | 2 nm | Hematoxylin and Eosin | [31] |
| Cytotoxicity evaluation of nanoparticles | Nanoparticles cellular uptake | Bronchial Epithelial cell-line BEAS-2B, Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO, and the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK 293 | Cytoviva Hyperspectral Microscope 1.1 | ENVI | 400–1000 nm | 490 nm | 2.5 nm | Gold nanoparticles | [86] |
| Analysis of single erythrocytes | Erythrocyte | Human-derived ferrous-stabilized HbAo | Gooch & Housego OL490 coupled with Zeiss 63x achroplan and Hamamatsu ORCA2 | MATLAB IMAGE J and ENVI | 380–780 nm | 525–575 nm, 415 nm, 630 nm | 5 nm | NaNo2 | [87] |