Table 5.
Behaviour change techniques excluded from intervention development or intended but not subsequently identified during content analyses
| Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) for changing determinants of behaviour [35] | BCTs excluded because of delivery mechanism or contextual constraints (BCT taxonomy code reference [23]) | BCTs intended but not subsequently identified by independent coder | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Relevant determinants | |||
| Core determinants ‘environmental context’ and ‘social and professional role’. | Social support | Social support emotional (3.3) | |
| Antecedents | Avoidance/reducing exposure to cues for the behaviour (12.3) Distraction (12.4) Body changes (12.6) |
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| Comparison of behaviour | Demonstration of the behaviour (6.1) | ||
| Feedback and monitoring | Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback (2.1) Monitoring of outcomes of behaviour without feedback (2.5) Biofeedback (2.6) |
||
| Identity | Incompatible beliefs (13.3) Valued self-identity (13.4) Identity associated with changed behaviour (13.5) |
Identification of self as role model (13.1) | |
| Covert learning | Imaginary punishment (16.1) Imaginary reward (16.2) |
||
| Prominent determinants ‘knowledge’, ‘memory’, ‘social influences’ and ‘beliefs about consequences’. | Comparison of outcomes | Comparative imagining of future outcomes (9.3) | |
| Natural consequences | Monitoring of emotional consequences (5.4) Information about emotional consequences (5.6) |
Anticipated regret (5.5) | |
| Shaping knowledge | Behavioural experiments (4.4) | ||
| Goals and planning | Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal (1.6) | ||
| Repetition and substitution | Behavioural practice/rehearsal (8.1) Behaviour substitution (8.2) Habit reversal (8.4) Overcorrection (8.5) Generalisation of target behaviour (8.6) |
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| Associations | Cue signalling reward (7.2) Reduce prompts/cues (7.3) Remove access to the reward (7.4) Remove aversive stimulus (7.5) Satiation (7.6) Exposure(7.7) Associative learning (7.8) |
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| Regulation | Pharmacological support (11.1) Reduce negative emotions (11.2) Paradoxical instructions (11.4) |
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| Reward and threat | Material incentive (behaviour) (10.1) Material reward (behaviour) (10.2) Non-specific reward (10.3) Social incentive (10.5) Non-specific incentive (10.6) Self-incentive (10.7) Incentive (outcome) (10.8) Self-reward (10.9) Reward (outcome) (10.10) Future punishment (10.11) |
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| Less-evident determinants ‘self-belief’ and ‘scheduled consequences’ | Self-belief | Mental rehearsal of successful performance (15.2) Self-talk (15.4) |
Verbal persuasion about capability (15.1) |
| Scheduled consequences | Behavioural cost (14.1) Punishment (14.2) Remove reward (14.3) Reward approximation (14.4) Rewarding completion (14.5) Situation-specific reward (14.6) Reward incompatible behaviour (14.7) Reward alternative behaviour (14.8) Reduce reward frequency (14.9) Remove punishment (14.10) |
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